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Recent improvements in the quality of the generations by large language models have spurred research into identifying machine-generated text. Such work often presents high-performing detectors. However, humans and machines can produce text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Jad Doughman , Osama Mohammed Afzal , Hawau Olamide Toyin , Shady Shehata , Preslav Nakov , Zeerak Talat

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining widespread use for code generation. Recent training procedures use execution feedback as a reward signal, typically focusing on the functional correctness of the code, using unit test pass rate as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Maxime Robeyns , Laurence Aitchison

Language model (LM) probability is not a reliable quality estimator, as natural language is ambiguous. When multiple output options are valid, the model's probability distribution is spread across them, which can misleadingly indicate low…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Tu Anh Dinh , Jan Niehues

The rapid advancement of large language model (LLM) technology has led to diverse applications, many of which inherently require randomness, such as stochastic decision-making, gaming, scheduling, AI agents, and cryptography-related tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rabimba Karanjai , Yang Lu , Ranjith Chodavarapu , Lei Xu , Weidong Shi

Large Language Model (LLM) evaluation is currently one of the most important areas of research, with existing benchmarks proving to be insufficient and not completely representative of LLMs' various capabilities. We present a curated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Aisha Khatun , Daniel G. Brown

Large language models (LLMs) has been widely adopted as a scalable surrogate for human evaluation, yet such judges remain imperfect and susceptible to surface-level biases. One possible reason is that these judges lack sufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Minzhu Tu , Shiyu Ni , Keping Bi

When generating natural language from neural probabilistic models, high probability does not always coincide with high quality: It has often been observed that mode-seeking decoding methods, i.e., those that produce high-probability text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Clara Meister , Gian Wiher , Tiago Pimentel , Ryan Cotterell

The evaluation of text simplification (TS) systems remains an open challenge. As the task has common points with machine translation (MT), TS is often evaluated using MT metrics such as BLEU. However, such metrics require high quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Louis Martin , Samuel Humeau , Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré , Antoine Bordes , Éric Villemonte de La Clergerie , Benoît Sagot

How much large language models (LLMs) can aid scientific discovery, notably in assisting academic peer review, is in heated debate. Between a literature digest and a human-comparable research assistant lies their practical application…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tianyi Li , Yu Qin , Olivia R. Liu Sheng

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in legal applications, current evaluation benchmarks tend to focus mainly on factual accuracy while largely neglecting important linguistic quality aspects such as clarity, coherence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Li yunhan , Wu gengshen

In the post-Turing era, evaluating large language models (LLMs) involves assessing generated text based on readers' reactions rather than merely its indistinguishability from human-produced content. This paper explores how LLM-generated…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Takehiro Takayanagi , Hiroya Takamura , Kiyoshi Izumi , Chung-Chi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can suffer from hallucinations when generating text. These hallucinations impede various applications in society and industry by making LLMs untrustworthy. Current LLMs generate text in an autoregressive fashion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Lukas Aichberger , Kajetan Schweighofer , Mykyta Ielanskyi , Sepp Hochreiter

The proliferation of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) from various institutions has highlighted the urgent need for comprehensive evaluation methods. However, current evaluation platforms, such as the widely recognized HuggingFace…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Fanghua Ye , Mingming Yang , Jianhui Pang , Longyue Wang , Derek F. Wong , Emine Yilmaz , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become more advanced, they have outpaced our abilities to accurately evaluate their quality. Not only is finding data to adequately probe particular model properties difficult, but evaluating the…

Although measuring intrinsic quality has been a key factor in the advancement of Machine Translation (MT), successfully deploying MT requires considering not just intrinsic quality but also the user experience, including aspects such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Marianna J. Martindale , Marine Carpuat

Automatically assessing classroom discussion quality is becoming increasingly feasible with the help of new NLP advancements such as large language models (LLMs). In this work, we examine how the assessment performance of 2 LLMs interacts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Nhat Tran , Benjamin Pierce , Diane Litman , Richard Correnti , Lindsay Clare Matsumura

The diversity across outputs generated by LLMs shapes perception of their quality and utility. High lexical diversity is often desirable, but there is no standard method to measure this property. Templated answer structures and ``canned''…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Chantal Shaib , Venkata S. Govindarajan , Joe Barrow , Jiuding Sun , Alexa F. Siu , Byron C. Wallace , Ani Nenkova

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), the academic community has faced unprecedented disruptions, particularly in the realm of academic communication. The primary function of peer review is improving the quality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Wenqing Wu , Chengzhi Zhang , Yi Zhao , Tong Bao

Current Large Language Model (LLM) evaluation frameworks utilize the same static prompt template across all models under evaluation. This differs from the common industry practice of using prompt optimization (PO) techniques to optimize the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Nicholas Sadjoli , Tim Siefken , Atin Ghosh , Yifan Mai , Daniel Dahlmeier

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used to evaluate outputs of other models, for image-to-text (I2T) tasks such as visual question answering, and text-to-image (T2I) generation tasks. Despite this growing reliance, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Sanjay Suryanarayanan , Tushar Anand , Mitesh M. Khapra