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Two key challenges facing modern deep learning are mitigating deep networks' vulnerability to adversarial attacks and understanding deep learning's generalization capabilities. Towards the first issue, many defense strategies have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Noel Loo , Ramin Hasani , Alexander Amini , Daniela Rus

Adversarial training (AT) is an important and attractive topic in deep learning security, exhibiting mysteries and odd properties. Recent studies of neural network training dynamics based on Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) make it possible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Guanlin Li , Han Qiu , Shangwei Guo , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

The training dynamics and generalization properties of neural networks (NN) can be precisely characterized in function space via the neural tangent kernel (NTK). Structural changes to the NTK during training reflect feature learning and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-11 Haozhe Shan , Blake Bordelon

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) offers a powerful tool to study the functional dynamics of neural networks. In the so-called lazy, or kernel regime, the NTK remains static during training and the network function is linear in the static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yuzhi Liu , Zixuan Chen , Zirui Zhang , Yufei Liu , Giulia Lanzillotta

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, i.e. inputs that are imperceptibly perturbed from natural data and yet incorrectly classified by the network. Adversarial training, a heuristic form of robust optimization that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Ruiqi Gao , Tianle Cai , Haochuan Li , Liwei Wang , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Jason D. Lee

Adversarial training (AT) is a canonical method for enhancing the robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, recent studies empirically demonstrated that it suffers from robust overfitting, i.e., a long time AT can be detrimental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Shaopeng Fu , Di Wang

A primary advantage of neural networks lies in their feature learning characteristics, which is challenging to theoretically analyze due to the complexity of their training dynamics. We propose a new paradigm for studying feature learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Haobo Zhang , Jianfa Lai , Yicheng Li , Qian Lin , Jun S. Liu

In wide neural networks, the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) remains approximately constant during training, providing a powerful theoretical tool for studying training dynamics, generalization, and connections to kernel methods. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jonathan Plenk , Sergio Calvo-Ordonez , Alvaro Cartea , Yarin Gal , Mark van der Wilk , Kamil Ciosek

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) characterizes the behavior of infinitely wide neural nets trained under least squares loss by gradient descent. However, despite its importance, the super-quadratic runtime of kernel methods limits the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Amir Zandieh

Expressiveness and generalization of deep models was recently addressed via the connection between neural networks (NNs) and kernel learning, where first-order dynamics of NN during a gradient-descent (GD) optimization were related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Dmitry Kopitkov , Vadim Indelman

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) has discovered connections between deep neural networks and kernel methods with insights of optimization and generalization. Motivated by this, recent works report that NTK can achieve better performances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Insu Han , Haim Avron , Neta Shoham , Chaewon Kim , Jinwoo Shin

In recent years, it has been found that neural networks can be easily fooled by adversarial examples, which is a potential safety hazard in some safety-critical applications. Many researchers have proposed various method to make neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Shuangtao Li , Yuanke Chen , Yanlin Peng , Lin Bai

Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is widely used to analyze overparametrized neural networks due to the famous result by Jacot et al. (2018): in the infinite-width limit, the NTK is deterministic and constant during training. However, this result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Mariia Seleznova , Gitta Kutyniok

The study of deep neural networks (DNNs) in the infinite-width limit, via the so-called neural tangent kernel (NTK) approach, has provided new insights into the dynamics of learning, generalization, and the impact of initialization. One key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Sina Alemohammad , Zichao Wang , Randall Balestriero , Richard Baraniuk

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is an important milestone in the ongoing effort to build a theory for deep learning. Its prediction that sufficiently wide neural networks behave as kernel methods, or equivalently as random feature models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Maxim Samarin , Volker Roth , David Belius

Deep learning models are widely deployed in safety-critical domains, but remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we study the adversarial robustness of NTK neural networks in the context of nonparametric regression. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-30 Yuxuan Hou

Previous work has cast doubt on the general framework of uniform convergence and its ability to explain generalization in neural networks. By considering a specific dataset, it was observed that a neural network completely misclassifies a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Gregor Bachmann , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Thomas Hofmann

We investigate the mathematical foundations of neural networks in the infinite-width regime through the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). We propose the NTK-Eigenvalue-Controlled Residual Network (NTK-ECRN), an architecture integrating Fourier…

Neural networks trained on visual data are well-known to be vulnerable to often imperceptible adversarial perturbations. The reasons for this vulnerability are still being debated in the literature. Recently Ilyas et al. (2019) showed that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Jacob M. Springer , Melanie Mitchell , Garrett T. Kenyon

Adversarial Training has proved to be an effective training paradigm to enforce robustness against adversarial examples in modern neural network architectures. Despite many efforts, explanations of the foundational principles underpinning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Mattia Carletti , Matteo Terzi , Gian Antonio Susto
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