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The variance in class-wise sample sizes within long-tailed scenarios often results in degraded performance in less frequent classes. Fortunately, foundation models, pre-trained on vast open-world datasets, demonstrate strong potential for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yufei Peng , Yonggang Zhang , Yiu-ming Cheung

Although deep neural networks achieve tremendous success on various classification tasks, the generalization ability drops sheer when training datasets exhibit long-tailed distributions. One of the reasons is that the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Xuantong Liu , Jianfeng Zhang , Tianyang Hu , He Cao , Lujia Pan , Yuan Yao

In the field of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, a previous method that use auxiliary data as OOD data has shown promising performance. However, the method provides an equal loss to all auxiliary data to differentiate them from inliers.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Hyunjun Choi , Hawook Jeong , Jin Young Choi

Despite the fast progress of deep learning, one standing challenge is the gap of the observed training samples and the underlying true distribution. There are multiple reasons for the causing of this gap e.g. sampling bias, noise etc. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yanbiao Ma , Wei Dai , Bowei Liu , Jiayi Chen , Wenke Huang , Guancheng Wan , Zhiwu Lu , Junchi Yan

Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of automated methods for skin lesion diagnosis and classification. Due to an increasing deployment of such systems in clinics, it has become important to develop a more robust system towards…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Deval Mehta , Yaniv Gal , Adrian Bowling , Paul Bonnington , Zongyuan Ge

Deploying deep models in real-world scenarios entails a number of challenges, including computational efficiency and real-world (e.g., long-tailed) data distributions. We address the combined challenge of learning long-tailed distributions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jihun Kim , Dahyun Kim , Hyungrok Jung , Taeil Oh , Jonghyun Choi

Existing long-tailed classification (LT) methods only focus on tackling the class-wise imbalance that head classes have more samples than tail classes, but overlook the attribute-wise imbalance. In fact, even if the class is balanced,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Kaihua Tang , Mingyuan Tao , Jiaxin Qi , Zhenguang Liu , Hanwang Zhang

An influential line of recent work has focused on the generalization properties of unregularized gradient-based learning procedures applied to separable linear classification with exponentially-tailed loss functions. The ability of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Matan Schliserman , Tomer Koren

Despite extensive research on training generative adversarial networks (GANs) with limited training data, learning to generate images from long-tailed training distributions remains fairly unexplored. In the presence of imbalanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Saeed Khorram , Mingqi Jiang , Mohamad Shahbazi , Mohamad H. Danesh , Li Fuxin

Diffusion models have made significant advances recently in high-quality image synthesis and related tasks. However, diffusion models trained on real-world datasets, which often follow long-tailed distributions, yield inferior fidelity for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Divin Yan , Lu Qi , Vincent Tao Hu , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Meng Tang

Skeleton-based action recognition has recently made significant progress. However, data imbalance is still a great challenge in real-world scenarios. The performance of current action recognition algorithms declines sharply when training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Hongda Liu , Yunlong Wang , Min Ren , Junxing Hu , Zhengquan Luo , Guangqi Hou , Zhenan Sun

Long-tailed data distributions pose challenges for a variety of domains like e-commerce, finance, biomedical science, and cyber security, where the performance of machine learning models is often dominated by head categories while tail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Haohui Wang , Weijie Guan , Jianpeng Chen , Zi Wang , Dawei Zhou

Real-world data is laden with outlying values. The challenge for machine learning is that the learner typically has no prior knowledge of whether the feedback it receives (losses, gradients, etc.) will be heavy-tailed or not. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-16 Matthew J. Holland

The fine-tuning paradigm has emerged as a prominent approach for addressing long-tail learning tasks in the era of foundation models. However, the impact of fine-tuning strategies on long-tail learning performance remains unexplored. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Jiang-Xin Shi , Tong Wei , Yu-Feng Li

Long-tail learning has garnered widespread attention and achieved significant progress in recent times. However, even with pre-trained prior knowledge, models still exhibit weaker generalization performance on tail classes. The promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mengke Li , Ye Liu , Yang Lu , Yiqun Zhang , Yiu-ming Cheung , Hui Huang

This paper considers learning deep features from long-tailed data. We observe that in the deep feature space, the head classes and the tail classes present different distribution patterns. The head classes have a relatively large spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Jialun Liu , Yifan Sun , Chuchu Han , Zhaopeng Dou , Wenhui Li

Real-world data usually suffers from severe class imbalance and long-tailed distributions, where minority classes are significantly underrepresented compared to the majority ones. Recent research prefers to utilize multi-expert…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Zhengzhuo Xu , Zenghao Chai , Chengyin Xu , Chun Yuan , Haiqin Yang

Loss reweighting is a widely used strategy for long-tailed classification, but existing reweighting strategies often rely on heuristics and rarely define a well-specified target. Inspired by Neural Collapse (NC), the ideal simplex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jinping Wang , Zixin Tong , Zhiwu Xie , Zhiqiang Gao

Decision Trees (DTs) are commonly used for many machine learning tasks due to their high degree of interpretability. However, learning a DT from data is a difficult optimization problem, as it is non-convex and non-differentiable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Sascha Marton , Stefan Lüdtke , Christian Bartelt , Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Long-tailed learning has attracted much attention recently, with the goal of improving generalisation for tail classes. Most existing works use supervised learning without considering the prevailing noise in the training dataset. To move…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Tong Wei , Jiang-Xin Shi , Wei-Wei Tu , Yu-Feng Li