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Time modulation introduces a dynamic degree of freedom for tailoring thermal radiation beyond the limits of static materials. Here we investigate far-field thermal radiation from a periodically time-modulated SiC film under the Floquet…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Huimin Zhu , Yuhua Ren , Hui Pan , Gaomin Tang , Lei Zhang , Jian-Sheng Wang

In this paper, we study the interactions of electromagnetic waves with a non-dispersive dynamic medium that is temporally dependent. Electromagnetic fields under material time-modulation conserve their momentum but not their energy. We…

Optics · Physics 2023-07-19 Theodoros T. Koutserimpas , Romain Fleury

The emission of thermal radiation is a physical process of fundamental and technological interest. From different approaches, thermal radiation can be regarded either as one of the basic mechanisms of heat transfer, as a fundamental quantum…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-19 J. Enrique Vázquez-Lozano , Iñigo Liberal

Time-varying optical materials have attracted recent interest for their potential to enable frequency conversion, nonreciprocal physics, photonic time-crystals, and more. However, the description of time-varying materials has been primarily…

We explore near-field radiative heat transfer between two bodies under time modulation by developing a rigorous fluctuational electrodynamics formalism. We demonstrate that time modulation can results in the enhancement, suppression,…

Optics · Physics 2024-04-24 Renwen Yu , Shanhui Fan

Thermal metamaterials have made significant advancements in the past few decades. However, the concept of thermal metamaterials is primarily rooted in the thermal conduction mechanism, which has consequently restricted their application…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-09-25 Haohan Tan , Liujun Xu

We explore the propagation and transformation of electromagnetic waves through spatially homogeneous yet smoothly time-dependent media within the framework of classical electrodynamics. By modelling the smooth transition, occurring during a…

We present an effective medium description of time-modulated dielectric media. By taking the averaged fields over one modulation period, the relationship between them is derived, defining therefore the different constitutive parameters. In…

Optics · Physics 2021-01-04 Dani Torrent

Wave phenomena in bianisotropic media have been broadly scrutinized in classical electrodynamics, as these media offer additional degrees of freedom to engineer electromagnetic waves. However, all investigations concerning such systems have…

Optics · Physics 2023-11-02 M. S. Mirmoosa , M. H. Mostafa , A. Norrman , S. A. Tretyakov

We develop the theory of acoustic wave propagation in a waveguide containing an array of time modulated digital meta-atoms, showing the equivalence between this array and a homogeneous, time varying, dispersive material. In the limit of an…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-09-30 S. A. R. Horsley

Diffusion metamaterials with artificial spatial structures have significant potential in controlling energy and mass transfer. Those static structures may lead to functionality and tunability constraints, impeding the application scope of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Jinrong Liu , Liujun Xu , Jiping Huang

Temporal metamaterials are artificially manufactured materials with time-dependent material properties that exhibit interesting phenomena when waves propagate through them. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in such time-varying…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Christian Döding , Barbara Verfürth

We give a detailed account of equilibrium and non-equilibrium fluctuational electrodynamics of hyperbolic metamaterials. We show the unifying aspects of two different approaches; one utilizes the second kind of fluctuation dissipation…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-22 Yu Guo , Zubin Jacob

We present a framework for quantization of electromagnetic field in the presence of dielectric media with time-varying optical properties. Considering a microscopic model for the dielectric as a collection of matter fields interacting with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-15 Ashwith Prabhu , Jennifer Parra-Contreras , Elizabeth A. Goldschmidt , Kanu Sinha

Spatio-temporally modulated impedance surfaces can be good candidates for generation of radiating waves with arbitrary eigenstates by breaking momentum and energy conservations. Here, we present a theoretical framework based on the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Amrollah Amini , Homayoon Oraizi

We develop the fluctuational electrodynamics of metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion and show the existence of broadband thermal emission beyond the black body limit in the near field. This arises due to the thermal excitation of unique…

Optics · Physics 2012-09-26 Yu Guo , Cristian L. Cortes , Sean Molesky , Zubin Jacob

A theory of temperature dynamics in many-body systems driven by time-dependent external sources is introduced. The formalism based on the combination of the perturbation theory and the fluctuational-electrodynamics approach in many-body…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Alireza Naeimi , Moladad Nikbakht

Dynamic modulation of material properties in space and time enables powerful control over wave propagation, yet existing theories largely rely on idealized, nondispersive models. In realistic media, frequency dispersion can strongly reshape…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-02 Klaas De Kinder , Christophe Caloz

Thermal emission caused by the thermal motion of the charged particles is commonly broadband, un-polarized, and incoherent, like a melting pot of electromagnetic waves, which makes it unsuitable for infrared applications in many cases…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-24 Qiongqiong Chu , Fan Zhong , Xiaohe Shang , Ye Zhang , Shining Zhu , Hui Liu

Exotic forms of wave control have been emerging by engineering matter in space and time. In this framework, temporal photonic interfaces, i.e., abrupt changes in the electromagnetic properties of a material, have been shown to induce…