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The rapid growth of cloud computing and data-driven applications has amplified privacy concerns, driven by the increasing demand to process sensitive data securely. Homomorphic encryption (HE) has become a vital solution for addressing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Faneela , Jawad Ahmad , Baraq Ghaleb , Sana Ullah Jan , William J. Buchanan

Performing smart computations in a context of cloud computing and big data is highly appreciated today. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a smart category of encryption schemes that allows working with the data in its encrypted form. It…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Ahmed El-Yahyaoui , Mohamed Dafir Ech-Chrif El Kettani

Privacy-preserving deep learning addresses privacy concerns in Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) by using Homomorphic Encryption (HE) for linear computations. However, the computational overhead remains a major challenge. While prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yifei Cai , Yizhou Feng , Qiao Zhang , Chunsheng Xin , Hongyi Wu

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is in the spotlight as a definitive solution for privacy, but the high computational overhead of FHE poses a challenge to its practical adoption. Although prior studies have attempted to design ASIC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Sangpyo Kim , Jongmin Kim , Jaeyoung Choi , Jung Ho Ahn

The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a fundamental operation in privacy-preserving technologies, particularly within fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). The efficiency of NTT computation directly impacts the overall performance of FHE,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-18 George Alexakis , Dimitrios Schoinianakis , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), a novel cryptographic theory enabling computation directly on ciphertext data, offers significant security benefits but is hampered by substantial performance overhead. In recent years, a series of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Shengyu Fan , Xianglong Deng , Zhuoyu Tian , Zhicheng Hu , Liang Chang , Rui Hou , Dan Meng , Mingzhe Zhang

Heterogeneous computers integrate general-purpose host processors with domain-specific accelerators to combine versatility with efficiency and high performance. To realize the full potential of heterogeneous computers, however, many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Andreas Kurth , Björn Forsberg , Luca Benini

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic method that guarantees the privacy and security of user data during computation. FHE algorithms can perform unlimited arithmetic computations directly on encrypted data without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Charles Gouert , Vinu Joseph , Steven Dalton , Cedric Augonnet , Michael Garland , Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos

We suggest using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) to be used, not only to keep the privacy of information but also, to verify computations with no additional significant overhead, using only part of the variables length for verification.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Shlomi Dolev , Arseni Kalma

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computation over encrypted data, offering strong privacy guarantees for untrusted computing environments. Practical adoption remains limited by high computational complexity, large ciphertext sizes, and…

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computations on encrypted data, preserving confidentiality without the need for decryption. However, FHE is often hindered by significant performance overhead, particularly for high-precision and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Chao Wang , Shubing Yang , Xiaoyan Sun , Jun Dai , Dongfang Zhao

Traditional approaches to vector similarity search over encrypted data rely on fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) to enable computation without decryption. However, the substantial computational overhead of FHE makes it impractical for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Dongfang Zhao

Modern cloud inference creates a two sided privacy problem where users reveal sensitive inputs to providers, while providers must execute proprietary model weights inside potentially leaky execution environments. Fully homomorphic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Bernardo Magri , Benjamin Marsh , Paul Gebheim

Despite the cloud enormous technical and financial advantages, security and privacy have always been the primary concern for adopting cloud computing facility, especially for government agencies and commercial sectors with high-security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yang Gao , Gang Quan , Soamar Homsi , Wujie Wen , Liqiang Wang

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computations directly on encrypted data, offering strong cryptographic guarantees for secure and privacy-preserving data storage and query execution. However, despite its theoretical power, practical…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Boram Jung , Yuliang Li , Hung-Wei Tseng

Machine Learning (ML) has become one of the most impactful fields of data science in recent years. However, a significant concern with ML is its privacy risks due to rising attacks against ML models. Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Khoa Nguyen , Mindaugas Budzys , Eugene Frimpong , Tanveer Khan , Antonis Michalas

Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows computations to be directly carried out on ciphertexts and is essential to privacy-preserving computing, such as neural network inference, medical diagnosis, and financial data analysis. Only addition and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Sajjad Akherati , Yok Jye Tang , Xinmiao Zhang

Recently cloud-based graph convolutional network (GCN) has demonstrated great success and potential in many privacy-sensitive applications such as personal healthcare and financial systems. Despite its high inference accuracy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Ran Ran , Nuo Xu , Wei Wang , Gang Quan , Jieming Yin , Wujie Wen

Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of DNN accelerators is paramount across various scenarios spanning autonomous driving, healthcare, and finance. However, current security approaches typically require extensive hardware resources,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wei Xuan , Zhongrui Wang , Lang Feng , Ning Lin , Zihao Xuan , Rongliang Fu , Tsung-Yi Ho , Yuzhong Jiao , Luhong Liang

Verifiable Homomorphic Encryption (VHE) is a cryptographic technique that integrates Homomorphic Encryption (HE) with Verifiable Computation (VC). It serves as a crucial technology for ensuring both privacy and integrity in outsourced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jung Hee Cheon , Daehyun Jang
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