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Deep reinforcement learning methods have shown great performance on many challenging cooperative multi-agent tasks. Two main promising research directions are multi-agent value function decomposition and multi-agent policy gradients. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Yuan Pu , Shaochen Wang , Rui Yang , Xin Yao , Bin Li

In multi-agent systems, agents possess only local observations of the environment. Communication between teammates becomes crucial for enhancing coordination. Past research has primarily focused on encoding local information into embedding…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Peihong Yu , Bhoram Lee , Aswin Raghavan , Supun Samarasekara , Pratap Tokekar , James Zachary Hare

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into intelligent tutoring systems offers transformative potential for personalized learning in higher education. However, most existing learning path planning approaches lack transparency,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Haoxin Xu , Changyong Qi , Tong Liu , Bohao Zhang , Anna He , Bingqian Jiang , Longwei Zheng , Xiaoqing Gu

Credit assignment is a critical problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), aiming to identify agents' marginal contributions for optimizing cooperative policies. Current credit assignment methods typically assume synchronous…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yongheng Liang , Hejun Wu , Haitao Wang , Hao Cai

Multi-agent reinforcement learning in mixed-motive settings presents a fundamental challenge: agents must balance individual interests with collective goals, which are neither fully aligned nor strictly opposed. To address this, reward…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Woojun Kim , Katia Sycara

Multi-agent reinforcement learning systems aim to provide interacting agents with the ability to collaboratively learn and adapt to the behaviour of other agents. In many real-world applications, the agents can only acquire a partial view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Ozsel Kilinc , Giovanni Montana

We consider a setting involving $N$ agents, where each agent interacts with an environment modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The agents' MDPs differ in their reward functions, capturing heterogeneous objectives/tasks. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Feng Zhu , Robert W. Heath , Aritra Mitra

In this paper, we present two effective policy learning algorithms for multi-agent online coordination(MA-OC) problem. The first one, \texttt{MA-SPL}, not only can achieve the optimal $(1-\frac{c}{e})$-approximation guarantee for the MA-OC…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Qixin Zhang , Yan Sun , Can Jin , Xikun Zhang , Yao Shu , Puning Zhao , Li Shen , Dacheng Tao

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to learn effective multi-agent policies from pre-collected datasets, which is an important step toward the deployment of multi-agent systems in real-world applications. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Qi Tian , Kun Kuang , Furui Liu , Baoxiang Wang

A fundamental challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is to learn the joint policy in an extremely large search space, which grows exponentially with the number of agents. Moreover, fully decentralized policy factorization…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Zhiyuan Li , Wenshuai Zhao , Lijun Wu , Joni Pajarinen

Many real-world scenarios involve a team of agents that have to coordinate their policies to achieve a shared goal. Previous studies mainly focus on decentralized control to maximize a common reward and barely consider the coordination…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Jingqing Ruan , Yali Du , Xuantang Xiong , Dengpeng Xing , Xiyun Li , Linghui Meng , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang , Bo Xu

Autocurricular training is an important sub-area of multi-agent reinforcement learning~(MARL) that allows multiple agents to learn emergent skills in an unsupervised co-evolving scheme. The robotics community has experimented autocurricular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Boling Yang , Liyuan Zheng , Lillian J. Ratliff , Byron Boots , Joshua R. Smith

In tabular multi-agent reinforcement learning with average-cost criterion, a team of agents sequentially interacts with the environment and observes local incentives. We focus on the case that the global reward is a sum of local rewards,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-26 Alec Koppel , Amrit Singh Bedi , Bhargav Ganguly , Vaneet Aggarwal

Value function factorization methods are commonly used in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning, with QMIX receiving significant attention. Many QMIX-based methods introduce monotonicity constraints between the joint action value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Chang Huang , Shatong Zhu , Junqiao Zhao , Hongtu Zhou , Chen Ye , Tiantian Feng , Changjun Jiang

In order to collaborate efficiently with unknown partners in cooperative control settings, adaptation of the partners based on online experience is required. The rather general and widely applicable control setting, where each cooperation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Florian Köpf , Samuel Tesfazgi , Michael Flad , Sören Hohmann

Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) necessitates seamless collaboration among agents, often represented by an underlying relation graph. Existing methods for learning this graph primarily focus on agent-pair relations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wei Duan , Jie Lu , Junyu Xuan

In this paper, we explore using deep reinforcement learning for problems with multiple agents. Most existing methods for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning consider only a small number of agents. When the number of agents increases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Arbaaz Khan , Clark Zhang , Daniel D. Lee , Vijay Kumar , Alejandro Ribeiro

Multi-agent Pathfinding (MAPF) problem generally asks to find a set of conflict-free paths for a set of agents confined to a graph and is typically solved in a centralized fashion. Conversely, in this work, we investigate the decentralized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Alexey Skrynnik , Anton Andreychuk , Maria Nesterova , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov

This paper extends off-policy reinforcement learning to the multi-agent case in which a set of networked agents communicating with their neighbors according to a time-varying graph collaboratively evaluates and improves a target policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Wesley Suttle , Zhuoran Yang , Kaiqing Zhang , Zhaoran Wang , Tamer Basar , Ji Liu

Experience replay is crucial for off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) methods. By remembering and reusing the experiences from past different policies, experience replay significantly improves the training efficiency and stability of RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Yongsheng Mei , Hanhan Zhou , Tian Lan , Guru Venkataramani , Peng Wei