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Gender classification systems often inherit and amplify demographic imbalances in their training data. We first audit five widely used gender classification datasets, revealing that all suffer from significant intersectional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Tadesse K Bahiru , Natnael Tilahun Sinshaw , Teshager Hailemariam Moges , Dheeraj Kumar Singh

Face gender classification models often reflect and amplify demographic biases present in their training data, leading to uneven performance across gender and racial subgroups. We introduce pseudo-balancing, a simple and effective strategy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Haohua Dong , Ana Manzano Rodríguez , Camille Guinaudeau , Shin'ichi Satoh

Face recognition (FR) models are vulnerable to performance variations across demographic groups. The causes for these performance differences are unclear due to the highly complex deep learning-based structure of face recognition models.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Marco Huber , Fadi Boutros , Naser Damer

Training deep neural networks for image recognition often requires large-scale human annotated data. To reduce the reliance of deep neural solutions on labeled data, state-of-the-art semi-supervised methods have been proposed in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Shuvendu Roy , Ali Etemad

Facial expression recognition (FER) is an important research topic in emotional artificial intelligence. In recent decades, researchers have made remarkable progress. However, current FER paradigms face challenges in generalization, lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Bohao Xing , Zitong Yu , Xin Liu , Kaishen Yuan , Qilang Ye , Weicheng Xie , Huanjing Yue , Jingyu Yang , Heikki Kälviäinen

Facial expression datasets remain limited in scale due to the subjectivity of annotations and the labor-intensive nature of data collection. This limitation poses a significant challenge for developing modern deep learning-based facial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Xilin He , Cheng Luo , Xiaole Xian , Bing Li , Muhammad Haris Khan , Zongyuan Ge , Weicheng Xie , Siyang Song , Linlin Shen , Bernard Ghanem , Xiangyu Yue

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is vital for understanding interpersonal communication. However, existing classification methods often face challenges such as vulnerability to noise, imbalanced datasets, overfitting, and generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Hozaifa Kassab , Mohamed Bahaa , Ali Hamdi

Face biometrics are playing a key role in making modern smart city applications more secure and usable. Commonly, the recognition threshold of a face recognition system is adjusted based on the degree of security for the considered use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Andrea Atzori , Gianni Fenu , Mirko Marras

Representation learning and feature disentanglement have garnered significant research interest in the field of facial expression recognition (FER). The inherent ambiguity of emotion labels poses challenges for conventional supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Jia Li , Jiantao Nie , Dan Guo , Richang Hong , Meng Wang

Emotion recognition from physiological signals has substantial potential for applications in mental health and emotion-aware systems. However, the lack of standardized, large-scale evaluations across heterogeneous datasets limits progress…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Pragya Singh , Ankush Gupta , Somay Jalan , Mohan Kumar , Pushpendra Singh

Speech emotion recognition (SER) processes speech signals to detect and characterize expressed perceived emotions. Many SER application systems often acquire and transmit speech data collected at the client-side to remote cloud platforms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Tiantian Feng , Hanieh Hashemi , Rajat Hebbar , Murali Annavaram , Shrikanth S. Narayanan

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a crucial task in affective computing, but its conventional focus on the seven basic emotions limits its applicability to the complex and expanding emotional spectrum. To address the issue of new and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Niki Maria Foteinopoulou , Ioannis Patras

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) suffers from data uncertainties caused by ambiguous facial images and annotators' subjectiveness, resulting in excursive semantic and feature covariate shifting problem. Existing works usually correct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Yangtao Du , Qingqing Wang , Yujie Xiong

Facial expression-based human emotion recognition is a critical research area in psychology and medicine. State-of-the-art classification performance is only reached by end-to-end trained neural networks. Nevertheless, such black-box models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Tim Büchner , Niklas Penzel , Orlando Guntinas-Lichius , Joachim Denzler

The issue of demographic disparities in face recognition accuracy has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Various face image datasets have been proposed as 'fair' or 'balanced' to assess the accuracy of face recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Haiyu Wu , Kevin W. Bowyer

We reveal critical insights into problems of bias in state-of-the-art facial recognition (FR) systems using a novel Balanced Faces In the Wild (BFW) dataset: data balanced for gender and ethnic groups. We show variations in the optimal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Joseph P Robinson , Gennady Livitz , Yann Henon , Can Qin , Yun Fu , Samson Timoner

Deep learning-based person identification and verification systems have remarkably improved in terms of accuracy in recent years; however, such systems, including widely popular cloud-based solutions, have been found to exhibit significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Ioannis Sarridis , Christos Koutlis , Symeon Papadopoulos , Christos Diou

In this paper, we present a unified architecture known as Transfer-Editing and Recognition Generative Adversarial Network (TER-GAN) which can be used: 1. to transfer facial expressions from one identity to another identity, known as Facial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Kamran Ali , Charles E. Hughes

AI-generated faces have enriched human life, such as entertainment, education, and art. However, they also pose misuse risks. Therefore, detecting AI-generated faces becomes crucial, yet current detectors show biased performance across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Li Lin , Santosh , Mingyang Wu , Xin Wang , Shu Hu

Deep learning-based methods have pushed the limits of the state-of-the-art in face analysis. However, despite their success, these models have raised concerns regarding their bias towards certain demographics. This bias is inflicted both by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Markos Georgopoulos , Yannis Panagakis , Maja Pantic