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Time-of-flight (ToF) imaging has become a widespread technique for depth estimation, allowing affordable off-the-shelf cameras to provide depth maps in real time. However, multipath interference (MPI) resulting from indirect illumination…

Indirect Time-of-Flight (iToF) cameras are a promising depth sensing technology. However, they are prone to errors caused by multi-path interference (MPI) and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Traditional methods, after denoising, mitigate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Felipe Gutierrez-Barragan , Huaijin Chen , Mohit Gupta , Andreas Velten , Jinwei Gu

Indirect Time-of-Flight cameras (iToF) are low-cost devices that provide depth images at an interactive frame rate. However, they are affected by different error sources, with the spotlight taken by Multi-Path Interference (MPI), a key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Adriano Simonetto , Gianluca Agresti , Pietro Zanuttigh , Henrik Schäfer

Indirect Time-of-Flight (I-ToF) imaging is a widespread way of depth estimation for mobile devices due to its small size and affordable price. Previous works have mainly focused on quality improvement for I-ToF imaging especially curing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-17 HyunJun Jung , Nikolas Brasch , Ales Leonardis , Nassir Navab , Benjamin Busam

We propose a novel compressed sensing method to improve the depth reconstruction accuracy and multi-target separation capability of indirect Time-of-Flight (iToF) systems. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on hardware modifications,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Yansong Du , Yutong Deng , Yuting Zhou , Feiyu Jiao , Bangyao Wang , Zhancong Xu , Zhaoxiang Jiang , Xun Guan

Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras require active illumination to obtain depth information thus the power of illumination directly affects the performance of ToF cameras. Traditional ToF imaging algorithms is very sensitive to illumination and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Yan Chen , Jimmy Ren , Xuanye Cheng , Keyuan Qian , Jinwei Gu

Time-of-flight (TOF) cameras are sensors that can measure the depths of scene-points, by illuminating the scene with a controlled laser or LED source, and then analyzing the reflected light. In this paper, we will first describe the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Radu Horaud , Miles Hansard , Georgios Evangelidis , Clement Menier

We propose a novel approach to recovering the translucent objects from a single time-of-flight (ToF) depth camera using deep residual networks. When recording the translucent objects using the ToF depth camera, their depth values are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Seongjong Song , Hyunjung Shim

Depth sensing is useful in a variety of applications that range from augmented reality to robotics. Time-of-flight (TOF) cameras are appealing because they obtain dense depth measurements with minimal latency. However, for many…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-27 James Noraky , Vivienne Sze

In-camera light scattering is a typical form of non-systematic interference in indirect Time-of-Flight (iToF) cameras, primarily caused by multiple reflections and optical path variations within the camera body. This effect can…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-05 Yansong Du , Jingtong Yao , Yuting Zhou , Feiyu Jiao , Zhaoxiang Jiang , Xun Guan

Passive Time-of-Flight (ToF) imaging can be enabled by optical wireless communication (OWC). The lighting infrastructure is the backbone of emerging light-based wireless communication. To this end, communication sources are used as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-18 Faisal Ahmed , Miguel Heredia Conde , Paula López Martínez

Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras are subject to high levels of noise and distortions due to Multi-Path-Interference (MPI). While recent research showed that 2D neural networks are able to outperform previous traditional State-of-the-Art (SOTA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Michael Schelling , Pedro Hermosilla , Timo Ropinski

Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras possess compact design and high measurement precision to be applied to various robot tasks. However, their limited sensing range restricts deployment in large-scale scenarios. Depth completion has emerged as a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Juncheng Chen , Tiancheng Lai , Xingpeng Wang , Bingxin Liao , Baozhe Zhang , Chao Xu , Yanjun Cao

Indirect time-of-flight (iToF) imaging allows us to capture dense depth information at a low cost. However, iToF imaging often suffers from multipath interference (MPI) artifacts in the presence of scattering media, resulting in severe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Daniel S. Jeon , Andreas Meuleman , Seung-Hwan Baek , Min H. Kim

The Multipath effect in Time-of-Flight(ToF) cameras still remains to be a challenging problem that hinders further processing of 3D data information. Based on the evidence from previous literature, we explored the possibility of using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-13 Mojmir Mutny , Rahul Nair , Jens-Malte Gottfried

State-of-the-art time-of-flight (ToF) based 3D sensors suffer from poor lateral and depth resolutions. In this work, we introduce a novel sensor concept that provides ToF-based 3D measurements of real world objects with depth precisions up…

Long-distance depth imaging holds great promise for applications such as autonomous driving and robotics. Direct time-of-flight (dToF) imaging offers high-precision, long-distance depth sensing, yet demands ultra-short pulse light sources…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Manchao Bao , Shengjiang Fang , Tao Yue , Xuemei Hu

Time-of-flight (ToF) cameras calculate depth maps by reconstructing phase shifts of amplitude-modulated signals. For broad illumination or transparent objects, reflections from multiple scene points can illuminate a given pixel, giving rise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-06-20 Ayush Bhandari , Achuta Kadambi , Refael Whyte , Christopher Barsi , Micha Feigin , Adrian Dorrington , Ramesh Raskar

Recently, it is increasingly popular to equip mobile RGB cameras with Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors for active depth sensing. However, for off-the-shelf ToF sensors, one must tackle two problems in order to obtain high-quality depth with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Di Qiu , Jiahao Pang , Wenxiu Sun , Chengxi Yang

We introduce Mask-ToF, a method to reduce flying pixels (FP) in time-of-flight (ToF) depth captures. FPs are pervasive artifacts which occur around depth edges, where light paths from both an object and its background are integrated over…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-01 Ilya Chugunov , Seung-Hwan Baek , Qiang Fu , Wolfgang Heidrich , Felix Heide
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