English
Related papers

Related papers: Can Language Models Be Specific? How?

200 papers

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit position bias systematically underweighting information based on its location in the context but how this bias varies across languages and models remains unclear. We conduct a multilingual study across…

Assessing response quality to instructions in language models is vital but challenging due to the complexity of human language across different contexts. This complexity often results in ambiguous or inconsistent interpretations, making…

We present a state-of-the-art model for fine-grained probability estimation of propositions conditioned on context. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities, particularly on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Liaoyaqi Wang , Zhengping Jiang , Anqi Liu , Benjamin Van Durme

We present and evaluate a method called grammar masking, which is used to guide large language models (LLMs) toward producing syntactically correct models for a given context-free grammar. Prompt engineering methods such as few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Lukas Netz , Jan Reimer , Bernhard Rumpe

Training data memorization in language models impacts model capability (generalization) and safety (privacy risk). This paper focuses on analyzing prompts' impact on detecting the memorization of 6 masked language model-based named entity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yuxi Xia , Anastasiia Sedova , Pedro Henrique Luz de Araujo , Vasiliki Kougia , Lisa Nußbaumer , Benjamin Roth

Large language models (LLMs) sometimes fail to respond appropriately to deterministic tasks -- such as counting or forming acronyms -- because the implicit prior distribution they have learned over sequences of tokens influences their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Liyi Zhang , Veniamin Veselovsky , R. Thomas McCoy , Thomas L. Griffiths

Travel choice analysis is crucial for understanding individual travel behavior to develop appropriate transport policies and recommendation systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Despite extensive research, this domain faces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xuehao Zhai , Hanlin Tian , Lintong Li , Tianyu Zhao

The increased deployment of LMs for real-world tasks involving knowledge and facts makes it important to understand model epistemology: what LMs think they know, and how their attitudes toward that knowledge are affected by language use in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Kaitlyn Zhou , Dan Jurafsky , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Molecular property prediction is an increasingly critical task within drug discovery and development. Typically, neural networks can learn molecular properties using graph-based, language-based or feature-based methods. Recent advances in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Philip Spence , Brooks Paige , Anne Osbourn

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) have minimized the fluency gap between languages. This advancement, however, exposes models to the risk of biased behavior, as knowledge and norms may propagate across languages. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Guy Mor-Lan , Omer Goldman , Matan Eyal , Adi Mayrav Gilady , Sivan Eiger , Idan Szpektor , Avinatan Hassidim , Yossi Matias , Reut Tsarfaty

In prompt tuning, a prefix or suffix text is added to the prompt, and the embeddings (soft prompts) or token indices (hard prompts) of the prefix/suffix are optimized to gain more control over language models for specific tasks. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Shouchang Guo , Sonam Damani , Keng-hao Chang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in natural language processing tasks. Recommender systems traditionally use methods such as collaborative filtering and matrix factorization, as well as advanced techniques like deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Makbule Gulcin Ozsoy

Language models are known to produce vague and generic outputs. We propose two unsupervised decoding strategies based on either word-frequency or point-wise mutual information to increase the specificity of any model that outputs a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Katy Ilonka Gero , Chris Kedzie , Savvas Petridis , Lydia Chilton

Masked language modeling (MLM) is a widely used self-supervised pretraining objective, where a model needs to predict an original token that is replaced with a mask given contexts. Although simpler and computationally efficient pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Atsuki Yamaguchi , Hiroaki Ozaki , Terufumi Morishita , Gaku Morio , Yasuhiro Sogawa

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to predict human behavior. We propose a measure for evaluating how much knowledge a pretrained LLM brings to such a prediction: its equivalent sample size, defined as the amount of…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-21 Wayne Gao , Sukjin Han , Annie Liang

The fluency and creativity of large pre-trained language models (LLMs) have led to their widespread use, sometimes even as a replacement for traditional search engines. Yet language models are prone to making convincing but factually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Katherine Tian , Eric Mitchell , Huaxiu Yao , Christopher D. Manning , Chelsea Finn

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in clinical applications through prompt engineering, allowing flexible clinical predictions. However, they struggle to produce reliable prediction probabilities, which are crucial for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Bowen Gu , Rishi J. Desai , Kueiyu Joshua Lin , Jie Yang

Scaling laws have allowed Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) into the field of causal reasoning. Causal reasoning of PLM relies solely on text-based descriptions, in contrast to causal discovery which aims to determine the causal…

Pre-trained language models (PrLM) have to carefully manage input units when training on a very large text with a vocabulary consisting of millions of words. Previous works have shown that incorporating span-level information over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Rongzhou Bao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Pretrained language models (PLMs) for African languages are continually improving, but the reasons behind these advances remain unclear. This paper presents the first systematic investigation into probing PLMs for linguistic knowledge about…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wisdom Aduah , Francois Meyer