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Andreev reflection occurs in a normal metal-superconductor junction, when an electron on the normal side can only be transmitted as a Cooper pair in the superconductor, with the reflection of a hole on the normal side. A similar phenomenon…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 K. Iyer , T. Martin , J. Rech , T. Jonckheere

Graphene's exceptional electronic mobility, gate-tunability, and contact transparency with superconducting materials make it ideal for exploring the superconducting proximity effect. However, the work function difference between graphene…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Seong Jang , Geon-Hyoung Park , Sein Park , Hyeon-Woo Jeong , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Gil-Ho Lee

Hybrid superconductor/graphene (SC/g) junctions are excellent candidates for investigating correlations between Cooper pairs and quantum Hall (QH) edge modes. Experimental studies are challenging as Andreev reflections are extremely…

Quantum Hall/superconductor junctions have been an attractive topic as the two macroscopically quantum states join at the interface. Despite longstanding efforts, however, experimental understanding of this system has not been settled yet.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-12-04 Yusuke Kozuka , Atsushi Sakaguchi , Joseph Falson , Atsushi Tsukazaki , Masashi Kawasaki

Inducing superconducting correlations in chiral edge states is predicted to generate topologically protected zero energy modes with exotic quantum statistics. Experimental efforts to date have focused on engineering interfaces between…

Superconductivity and quantum Hall effect are distinct states of matter occurring in apparently incompatible physical conditions. Recent theoretical developments suggest that the coupling of quantum Hall effect with a superconductor can…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-09-05 Manas Ranjan Sahu , Xin Liu , Arup Kumar Paul , Sourin Das , Pratap Raychaudhuri , J. K. Jain , Anindya Das

We argue that by inducing superconductivity in graphene via the proximity effect, it is possible to observes the "quantum valley Hall effect". In the presence of magnetic field, supercurrent causes "valley pseudospin" to accumulate at the…

Superconductivity · Physics 2013-05-29 Pouyan Ghaemi , Shinsei Ryu , Dung-Hai Lee

Quantum Hall effect (QHE), the ground to construct modern conceptual electronic systems with emerging physics, is often much influenced by the interplay between the host two-dimensional electron gases and the substrate, sometimes predicted…

The interfaces of quantum Hall insulators with superconductors have emerged as a promising platform to realise interesting physics that may be relevant for topologically protected quantum computing. However, these interfaces can host other…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Jordan T. McCourt , John Chiles , Chun-Chia Chen , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Tanaguchi , Francois Amet , Gleb Finkelstein

Electrons incident from a normal metal onto a superconductor are reflected back as holes - a process called Andreev reflection. In a normal metal where the Fermi energy is much larger than a typical superconducting gap, the reflected hole…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-08-04 D. K. Efetov , L. Wang , C. Handschin , K. B. Efetov , J. Shuang , R. Cava , T. Taniguchi , K. Watanabe , J. Hone , C. R. Dean , P. Kim

We construct high-quality graphene-based van der Waals devices with narrow superconducting niobium nitride (NbN) electrodes, in which superconductivity and robust fqH coexist. We find crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) across the…

The combination of superconductivity and quantum Hall (QH) effect is regarded as a key milestone in advancing topological quantum computation in solid-state systems. Recent quantum interference studies suggest that QH edge states can…

We have investigated Andreev-reflection processes occurring at a clean interface between a $p$-type semiconductor and a conventional superconductor. Our calculations are performed within a generalized Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism where…

Superconductivity · Physics 2011-10-05 David Futterer , Michele Governale , Ulrich Zuelicke , Jürgen König

We experimentally investigate electron transport through the interface between a superconductor and the edge of a two-dimensional electron system with band inversion. The interface is realized as a tunnel NbN side contact to a narrow 8~nm…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 A. Kononov , S. V. Egorov , N. Titova , Z. D. Kvon , N. N. Mikhailov , S. A. Dvoretsky , E. V. Deviatov

We report the investigation of electron transport through a four-terminal graphene-superconductor hybrid system. Due to the quantum interference of the reflected holes from two graphene-superconductor interfaces with phase difference…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Shu-guang Cheng , Yanxia Xing , Jian Wang , Qing-feng Sun

Charge carriers in the quantum Hall regime propagate via one-dimensional conducting channels that form along the edges of a two-dimensional electron gas. Controlling their transmission through a gate-tunable constriction, also called…

We have fabricated a superconductor/semiconductor (S/Sm) junction composed of Al and InAs using cleaved edge overgrowth. By exploiting the unique geometry with a thin Al/Pt/Al trilayer formed on the side surface of an in-situ cleaved…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Takafumi Akiho , Hiroshi Irie , Yusuke Nakazawa , Satoshi Sasaki , Norio Kumada , Koji Muraki

We investigate the formation and transport properties of chiral Andreev edge states in a two-dimensional quantum Hall system proximitized by a superconductor. By numerically modeling the system using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 S. Maji , M. P. Nowak

We study a two-terminal graphene Josephson junction with contacts shaped to form a narrow constriction, less than 100nm in length. The contacts are made from type II superconducting contacts and able to withstand magnetic fields high enough…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-09-18 M. T. Wei , A. W. Draelos , A. Seredinski , C. T. Ke , H. Li , Y. Mehta , K. Watanabe , T. Taniguchi , M. Yamamoto , S. Tarucha , G. Finkelstein , F. Amet , I. V. Borzenets

Quantum Hall edge states in proximity to a superconductor (SC) usually acquire a non-quantized electron-to-hole conversion probability in transport, due to non-universal SC couplings and disorders. With counter-propagating modes, we show…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Pok Man Tam , Hao Chen , Biao Lian