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Causal representation learning (CRL) enhances machine learning models' robustness and generalizability by learning structural causal models associated with data-generating processes. We focus on a family of CRL methods that uses contrastive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Xiusi Li , Sékou-Oumar Kaba , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

A continual learning agent should be able to build on top of existing knowledge to learn on new data quickly while minimizing forgetting. Current intelligent systems based on neural network function approximators arguably do the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Khurram Javed , Martha White

Class-incremental learning of deep networks sequentially increases the number of classes to be classified. During training, the network has only access to data of one task at a time, where each task contains several classes. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Lu Yu , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Xialei Liu , Luis Herranz , Kai Wang , Yongmei Cheng , Shangling Jui , Joost van de Weijer

In continual learning, a system learns from non-stationary data streams or batches without catastrophic forgetting. While this problem has been heavily studied in supervised image classification and reinforcement learning, continual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Tyler L. Hayes , Christopher Kanan

An important problem in machine learning is the ability to learn tasks in a sequential manner. If trained with standard first-order methods most models forget previously learned tasks when trained on a new task, which is often referred to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-10 Reinhard Heckel

Catastrophic forgetting is a longstanding challenge in continual learning, where models lose knowledge from earlier tasks when learning new ones. While various mitigation strategies have been proposed for Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohammad Marufur Rahman , Guanchu Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Minghan Chen , Fan Yang

Graph embedding (GE) methods embed nodes (and/or edges) in graph into a low-dimensional semantic space, and have shown its effectiveness in modeling multi-relational data. However, existing GE models are not practical in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Xiaoyu Kou , Yankai Lin , Shaobo Liu , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Yan Zhang

Conventional approaches to relation extraction usually require a fixed set of pre-defined relations. Such requirement is hard to meet in many real applications, especially when new data and relations are emerging incessantly and it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Hong Wang , Wenhan Xiong , Mo Yu , Xiaoxiao Guo , Shiyu Chang , William Yang Wang

Unsupervised relation extraction (URE) aims to extract relations between named entities from raw text without requiring manual annotations or pre-existing knowledge bases. In recent studies of URE, researchers put a notable emphasis on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Qing Wang , Kang Zhou , Qiao Qiao , Yuepei Li , Qi Li

Catastrophic interference, also known as catastrophic forgetting, is a fundamental challenge in machine learning, where a trained learning model progressively loses performance on previously learned tasks when adapting to new ones. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuke Li , Yujia Zheng , Tianyi Xiong , Zhenyi Wang , Heng Huang

A topic of great current interest is Causal Representation Learning (CRL), whose goal is to learn a causal model for hidden features in a data-driven manner. Unfortunately, CRL is severely ill-posed since it is a combination of the two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-10 Hiroshi Morioka , Aapo Hyvärinen

Artificial neural networks face the well-known problem of catastrophic forgetting. What's worse, the degradation of previously learned skills becomes more severe as the task sequence increases, known as the long-term catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Jian Peng , Bo Tang , Hao Jiang , Zhuo Li , Yinjie Lei , Tao Lin , Haifeng Li

We study the statistical performance of a continual learning problem with two linear regression tasks in a well-specified random design setting. We consider a structural regularization algorithm that incorporates a generalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Haoran Li , Jingfeng Wu , Vladimir Braverman

In this paper, we show that Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) suffer from catastrophic forgetting even when they are trained to approximate a single target distribution. We show that GAN training is a continual learning problem in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Hoang Thanh-Tung , Truyen Tran

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an important machine learning paradigm for solving sequential decision-making problems. Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in this field due to the rapid development of deep neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Chaofan Pan , Xin Yang , Yanhua Li , Wei Wei , Tianrui Li , Bo An , Jiye Liang

The goal of Continual Learning (CL) task is to continuously learn multiple new tasks sequentially while achieving a balance between the plasticity and stability of new and old knowledge. This paper analyzes that this insufficiency arises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hanxi Xiao , Fan Lyu

Online Continual Learning (CL) solves the problem of learning the ever-emerging new classification tasks from a continuous data stream. Unlike its offline counterpart, in online CL, the training data can only be seen once. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Maorong Wang , Nicolas Michel , Ling Xiao , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Continual learning models allow to learn and adapt to new changes and tasks over time. However, in continual and sequential learning scenarios in which the models are trained using different data with various distributions, neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 HongLin Li , Payam Barnaghi , Shirin Enshaeifar , Frieder Ganz

Catastrophic forgetting occurs when a neural network loses the information learned in a previous task after training on subsequent tasks. This problem remains a hurdle for artificial intelligence systems with sequential learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Joan Serrà , Dídac Surís , Marius Miron , Alexandros Karatzoglou

Class-incremental continual learning addresses catastrophic forgetting by enabling classification models to preserve knowledge of previously learned classes while acquiring new ones. However, the vulnerability of the models against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jungwoo Kim , Jong-Seok Lee