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Large pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have transformed computer vision by aligning images and text in a shared feature space, enabling robust zero-shot transfer via prompting. Soft-prompting, such as Context Optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Arsham Gholamzadeh Khoee , Yinan Yu , Robert Feldt

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can find an optimal policy for a single agent to accomplish a particular task. However, many real-world problems require multiple agents to collaborate in order to achieve a common goal. For example, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jan Corazza , Hadi Partovi Aria , Hyohun Kim , Daniel Neider , Zhe Xu

In many real-world multi-agent cooperative tasks, due to high cost and risk, agents cannot continuously interact with the environment and collect experiences during learning, but have to learn from offline datasets. However, the transition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Jiechuan Jiang , Zongqing Lu

Contextual information at inference time, such as demonstrations, retrieved knowledge, or interaction history, can substantially improve large language models (LLMs) without parameter updates, yet its theoretical role remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dingzirui Wang , Xuanliang Zhang , Keyan Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che , Yang Deng

Despite remarkable achievements in artificial intelligence, the deployability of learning-enabled systems in high-stakes real-world environments still faces persistent challenges. For example, in safety-critical domains like autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Minjae Cho , Chuangchuang Sun

In this paper, we learn dynamics models for parametrized families of dynamical systems with varying properties. The dynamics models are formulated as stochastic processes conditioned on a latent context variable which is inferred from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jan Achterhold , Joerg Stueckler

Reinforcement learning agents that operate in diverse and complex environments can benefit from the structured decomposition of their behavior. Often, this is addressed in the context of hierarchical reinforcement learning, where the aim is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Anirudh Goyal , Shagun Sodhani , Jonathan Binas , Xue Bin Peng , Sergey Levine , Yoshua Bengio

Developing policies that can adjust to non-stationary environments is essential for real-world reinforcement learning applications. However, learning such adaptable policies in offline settings, with only a limited set of pre-collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Xinyu Zhang , Wenjie Qiu , Yi-Chen Li , Lei Yuan , Chengxing Jia , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu

Modern learning systems increasingly rely on amortized learning - the idea of reusing computation or inductive biases shared across tasks to enable rapid generalization to novel problems. This principle spans a range of approaches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sarthak Mittal , Divyat Mahajan , Guillaume Lajoie , Mohammad Pezeshki

Although reinforcement learning methods can achieve impressive results in simulation, the real world presents two major challenges: generating samples is exceedingly expensive, and unexpected perturbations or unseen situations cause…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Anusha Nagabandi , Ignasi Clavera , Simin Liu , Ronald S. Fearing , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Unsupervised meta-learning aims to learn feature representations from unsupervised datasets that can transfer to downstream tasks with limited labeled data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to unsupervised meta-learning that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Anna Vettoruzzo , Lorenzo Braccaioli , Joaquin Vanschoren , Marlena Nowaczyk

In the quest for efficient and robust reinforcement learning methods, both model-free and model-based approaches offer advantages. In this paper we propose a new way of explicitly bridging both approaches via a shared low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Vincent François-Lavet , Yoshua Bengio , Doina Precup , Joelle Pineau

In many real-world decision making problems, reaching an optimal decision requires taking into account a variable number of objects around the agent. Autonomous driving is a domain in which this is especially relevant, since the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Maria Hügle , Gabriel Kalweit , Branka Mirchevska , Moritz Werling , Joschka Boedecker

We propose a method for learning dynamical systems from high-dimensional empirical data that combines variational autoencoders and (spatio-)temporal attention within a framework designed to enforce certain scientifically-motivated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Kai Lagemann , Christian Lagemann , Sach Mukherjee

Computational agents support humans in many areas of life and are therefore found in heterogeneous contexts. This means they operate in rapidly changing environments and can be confronted with huge state and action spaces. In order to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Nicole Merkle , Ralf Mikut

With the rapid evolution of the Internet of Things, many real-world applications utilize heterogeneously connected sensors to capture time-series information. Edge-based machine learning (ML) methodologies are often employed to analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Junyao Wang , Luke Chen , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Neural machine translation benefits from semantically rich representations. Considerable progress in learning such representations has been achieved by language modelling and mutual information maximization objectives using contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Kshitij Ambilduke , Aneesh Shetye , Diksha Bagade , Rishika Bhagwatkar , Khurshed Fitter , Prasad Vagdargi , Shital Chiddarwar

This work developed a meta-learning approach that adapts the control policy on the fly to different changing conditions for robust locomotion. The proposed method constantly updates the interaction model, samples feasible sequences of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Timothée Anne , Jack Wilkinson , Zhibin Li

Can we use reinforcement learning to learn general-purpose policies that can perform a wide range of different tasks, resulting in flexible and reusable skills? Contextual policies provide this capability in principle, but the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Soroush Nasiriany , Vitchyr H. Pong , Ashvin Nair , Alexander Khazatsky , Glen Berseth , Sergey Levine

Recently introduced by some of the authors, the in-context identification paradigm aims at estimating, offline and based on synthetic data, a meta-model that describes the behavior of a whole class of systems. Once trained, this meta-model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Matteo Rufolo , Dario Piga , Gabriele Maroni , Marco Forgione