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The combination of Transformer-based encoders with contrastive learning represents the current mainstream paradigm for sentence representation learning. This paradigm is typically based on the hidden states of the last Transformer block of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jianxiang Zang , Nijia Mo , Yonda Wei , Meiling Ning , Hui Liu

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become a powerful technique to decode EEG and have become the benchmark for motor imagery EEG Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) decoding. However, it is still challenging to train CNNs on multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Xiaoxi Wei , Pablo Ortega , A. Aldo Faisal

Image Classification is a fundamental task in the field of computer vision that frequently serves as a benchmark for gauging advancements in Computer Vision. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Mahmoud Khalil , Ahmad Khalil , Alioune Ngom

Transformers have emerged as viable alternatives to convolutional neural networks owing to their ability to learn non-local region relationships in the spatial domain. The self-attention mechanism of the transformer enables transformers to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-09 Rahul G. S. , Sriprabha Ramnarayanan , Mohammad Al Fahim , Keerthi Ram , Preejith S. P , Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam

Spatio-temporal traffic forecasting is challenging due to complex temporal patterns, dynamic spatial structures, and diverse input formats. Although Transformer-based models offer strong global modeling, they often struggle with rigid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jiayu Fang , Zhiqi Shao , S T Boris Choy , Junbin Gao

Recurrent Neural Networks were, until recently, one of the best ways to capture the timely dependencies in sequences. However, with the introduction of the Transformer, it has been proven that an architecture with only attention-mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Radostin Cholakov , Todor Kolev

3D Swin Transformer (3D-ST) known for its hierarchical attention and window-based processing, excels in capturing intricate spatial relationships within images. Spatial-spectral Transformer (SST), meanwhile, specializes in modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Muhammad Ahmad , Manuel Mazzara , Salvatore Distifano

In continual learning, solving the catastrophic forgetting problem may make the models fall into the stability-plasticity dilemma. Moreover, inter-task confusion will also occur due to the lack of knowledge exchanges between different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sheng-Kai Huang , Jiun-Feng Chang , Chun-Rong Huang

Recently, deep-learning-based approaches have been widely studied for deformable image registration task. However, most efforts directly map the composite image representation to spatial transformation through the convolutional neural…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-08 Jiashun Chen , Donghuan Lu , Yu Zhang , Dong Wei , Munan Ning , Xinyu Shi , Zhe Xu , Yefeng Zheng

Objective: Brain networks have gained increasing recognition as potential biomarkers in mental health studies, but there are limited approaches that can leverage complex brain networks for accurate classification. Our goal is to develop a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-25 Jin Ming , Suprateek Kundu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) demonstrate significant potential for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing through an event-driven paradigm. While training methods and computational models have greatly advanced, SNNs struggle to achieve…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jieyuan Zhang , Xiaolong Zhou , Shuai Wang , Wenjie Wei , Hanwen Liu , Qian Sun , Malu Zhang , Yang Yang , Haizhou Li

Labeled sequence transduction is a task of transforming one sequence into another sequence that satisfies desiderata specified by a set of labels. In this paper we propose multi-space variational encoder-decoders, a new model for labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Chunting Zhou , Graham Neubig

Astounding results from Transformer models on natural language tasks have intrigued the vision community to study their application to computer vision problems. Among their salient benefits, Transformers enable modeling long dependencies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Salman Khan , Muzammal Naseer , Munawar Hayat , Syed Waqas Zamir , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Mubarak Shah

Deep learning has revolutionized many industries by enabling models to automatically learn complex patterns from raw data, reducing dependence on manual feature engineering. However, deep learning algorithms are sensitive to input data, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mert Sehri , Zehui Hua , Francisco de Assis Boldt , Patrick Dumond

Understanding the mechanisms underlying deep neural networks remains a fundamental challenge in machine learning and computer vision. One promising, yet only preliminarily explored approach, is feature inversion, which attempts to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jan Rathjens , Shirin Reyhanian , David Kappel , Laurenz Wiskott

Biological systems perceive the world by simultaneously processing high-dimensional inputs from modalities as diverse as vision, audition, touch, proprioception, etc. The perception models used in deep learning on the other hand are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Andrew Jaegle , Felix Gimeno , Andrew Brock , Andrew Zisserman , Oriol Vinyals , Joao Carreira

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been the de facto standard in a diverse set of computer vision tasks for many years. Especially, deep neural networks based on seminal architectures such as U-shaped models with skip-connections or…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-02 Reza Azad , Moein Heidari , Moein Shariatnia , Ehsan Khodapanah Aghdam , Sanaz Karimijafarbigloo , Ehsan Adeli , Dorit Merhof

Transformers have become the architecture of choice for learning long-range dependencies, yet their adoption in hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is still emerging. We reviewed more than 300 papers published up to 2025 and present the first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Guyang Zhang , Waleed Abdulla

When it comes to the classification of brain signals in real-life applications, the training and the prediction data are often described by different distributions. Furthermore, diverse data sets, e.g., recorded from various subjects or…

Initially developed for natural language processing (NLP), Transformer model is now widely used for speech processing tasks such as speaker recognition, due to its powerful sequence modeling capabilities. However, conventional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-28 Rui Wang , Junyi Ao , Long Zhou , Shujie Liu , Zhihua Wei , Tom Ko , Qing Li , Yu Zhang