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Despite many advances in knowledge engineering (KE), challenges remain in areas such as engineering knowledge graphs (KGs) at scale, keeping up with evolving domain knowledge, multilingualism, and multimodality. Recently, KE has used LLMs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Elisavet Koutsiana , Johanna Walker , Michelle Nwachukwu , Bohui Zhang , Albert Meroño-Peñuela , Elena Simperl

The rapid increase in textual information means we need more efficient methods to sift through, organize, and understand it all. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) models excel in accessing information from large document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Seiji Maekawa , Hayate Iso , Nikita Bhutani

Pre-trained language models learn informative word representations on a large-scale text corpus through self-supervised learning, which has achieved promising performance in fields of natural language processing (NLP) after fine-tuning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jian Yang , Xinyu Hu , Gang Xiao , Yulong Shen

Recent advancements in long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) have primarily concentrated on processing extended input contexts, resulting in significant strides in long-context comprehension. However, the equally critical aspect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yuhao Wu , Yushi Bai , Zhiqing Hu , Shangqing Tu , Ming Shan Hee , Juanzi Li , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been revolutionized by the use of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) such as BERT. Despite setting new records in nearly every NLP task, PLMs still face a number of challenges including poor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Chaoqi Zhen , Yanlei Shang , Xiangyu Liu , Yifei Li , Yong Chen , Dell Zhang

The limited context window of contemporary large language models (LLMs) remains a huge barrier to their broader application across various domains. While continual pre-training on long-context data is a straightforward and effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Wei Han , Pan Zhou , Soujanya Poria , Shuicheng Yan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in sentence-level machine translation, but scaling to document-level translation remains challenging, particularly in modeling long-range dependencies and discourse phenomena…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Miguel Moura Ramos , Patrick Fernandes , Sweta Agrawal , André F. T. Martins

Language models (LMs) and their extension, vision-language models (VLMs), have achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they still struggle with complex reasoning tasks that require multimodal or multilingual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Wenyi Wu , Zixuan Song , Kun Zhou , Yifei Shao , Zhiting Hu , Biwei Huang

Human language is grounded on multimodal knowledge including visual knowledge like colors, sizes, and shapes. However, current large-scale pre-trained language models rely on text-only self-supervised training with massive text data, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Haoyu Song , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) with extended context windows show promise for complex legal reasoning tasks, yet their ability to understand long legal documents remains insufficiently evaluated. Developing long-context benchmarks that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Li Zhang , Jaromir Savelka , Kevin Ashley

Large language models (LLMs) encode vast amounts of knowledge during pre-training (parametric knowledge, or PK) and can further be enhanced by incorporating contextual knowledge (CK). Can LLMs effectively integrate their internal PK with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sitao Cheng , Liangming Pan , Xunjian Yin , Xinyi Wang , William Yang Wang

Knowledge-intensive conversations supported by large language models (LLMs) have become one of the most popular and helpful applications that can assist people in different aspects. Many current knowledge-intensive applications are centered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zitao Li , Fei Wei , Yuexiang Xie , Dawei Gao , Weirui Kuang , Zhijian Ma , Bingchen Qian , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

This paper presents an exhaustive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Knowledge Graph (KG) construction and reasoning. We engage in experiments across eight diverse datasets, focusing on four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yuqi Zhu , Xiaohan Wang , Jing Chen , Shuofei Qiao , Yixin Ou , Yunzhi Yao , Shumin Deng , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Enlarging the context window of large language models (LLMs) has become a crucial research area, particularly for applications involving extremely long texts. In this work, we propose a novel training-free framework for processing long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zihan Zhou , Chong Li , Xinyi Chen , Shuo Wang , Yu Chao , Zhili Li , Haoyu Wang , Rongqiao An , Qi Shi , Zhixing Tan , Xu Han , Xiaodong Shi , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The inherent difficulty of knowledge specification and the lack of trained specialists are some of the key obstacles on the way to making intelligent systems based on the knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) paradigm commonplace.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Tiantian Gao , Paul Fodor , Michael Kifer

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of tasks; however, they still encounter challenges in reasoning tasks that require understanding and inferring relationships between distinct pieces of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Haoyu Han , Yaochen Xie , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sreyashi Nag , William Headden , Hui Liu , Yang Li , Chen Luo , Shuiwang Ji , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides by training on vast high-quality image-text datasets, enabling them to generally understand images well. However, the inherent difficulty in explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuanze Lin , Yunsheng Li , Dongdong Chen , Weijian Xu , Ronald Clark , Philip Torr , Lu Yuan

Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a drastic increase in the models' size, potentially leading to slow and costly use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Jai Gupta , Mostafa Dehghani , Dara Bahri , Vinh Q. Tran , Yi Tay , Donald Metzler

Documentation of airport operations is inherently complex due to extensive technical terminology, rigorous regulations, proprietary regional information, and fragmented communication across multiple stakeholders. The resulting data silos…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Darryl Teo , Adharsha Sam , Chuan Shen Marcus Koh , Rakesh Nagi , Nuno Antunes Ribeiro

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) utilize natural language interactions and dialogue history to infer user preferences and provide accurate recommendations. Due to the limited conversation context and background knowledge, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Zhangchi Qiu , Ye Tao , Shirui Pan , Alan Wee-Chung Liew