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In this letter, we propose dual-mode chirp spread spectrum (DM-CSS) modulation for low-power wide-area networks. DM-CSS is capable of achieving a higher spectral efficiency (SE) relative to its counterparts, such as Long Range (LoRa)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-23 Ali Waqar Azim , Ahmad Bazzi , Raed Shubair , Marwa Chafii

This article examines two chirp spread spectrum techniques specifically devised for low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) to optimize energy and spectral efficiency (SE). These methods referred to as layered CSS (LCSS) and layered dual-mode…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-30 Ali Waqar Azim , Ahmad Bazzi , Roberto Bomfin , Raed Shubair , Marwa Chafii

LoRa is a widely adopted method of utilizing chirp spread spectrum (CSS) techniques at the physical (PHY) layer to facilitate low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) connectivity. By tailoring the spreading factors, LoRa can achieve a diverse…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-05 Ali Waqar Azim , Ahmad Bazzi , Raed Shubair , Marwa Chafii

Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) is the modulation technique currently employed by Long-Range (LoRa), which is one of the most prominent Internet of things wireless communications standards. The LoRa physical layer (PHY) employs CSS on top of a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-11 Ivo Bizon Franco de Almeida , Marwa Chafii , Ahmad Nimr , Gerhard Fettweis

This paper introduces a novel frequency-shift chirp spread spectrum (FSCSS) system with index modulation (IM). By using combinations of orthogonal chirp signals for message representation, the proposed FSCSS-IM system is very flexible to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Muhammad Hanif , Ha H. Nguyen

In this paper, a new waveform called discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with chirp modulation (DFT-s-OFDM-CM) is proposed for the next generation of wireless communications. The information bits are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Yujie Liu , Yong Liang Guan , David González G. , Halim Yanikomeroglu

Autonomous driving is reshaping the way humans travel, with millimeter wave (mmWave) radar playing a crucial role in this transformation to enabe vehicle-to-everything (V2X). Although chirp is widely used in mmWave radar systems for its…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-23 Zhuoran Li , Shufeng Tan , Zhen Gao , Yi Tao , Zhonghuai Wu , Zhongxiang Li , Chun Hu , Dezhi Zheng

The recently proposed affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) modulation has been considered as a promising technology for narrowband doubly-dispersive channels. However, the time-scaling effects, i.e., pulse widening and pulse…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xiangxiang Li , Haiyan Wang , Yao Ge , Xiaohong Shen , Yong Liang Guan , Miaowen Wen , Chau Yuen

LoRaWAN is a prominent communication standard to enable reliable low-power, long-range communications for the Internet of Things (IoT). The modulation technique used in LoRaWAN, commonly known as LoRa modulation, is based on the principle…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-07 Tung T. Nguyen , Ha H. Nguyen

This paper proposes a novel multi-carrier modulation framework for high-mobility communication scenarios. Our key idea lies in spreading data symbols across the delay-Doppler (DD) domain through orthogonal chirp-Zak transform (CZT). To…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Chaoyuan Bai , Pingzhi Fan , Zhengchun Zhou , Zilong Liu

Multi user orthogonal chirp spread spectrum (OCSS) can improve the spectral inefficiency of chirp spread spectrum (CSS) but is only feasible with perfect synchronism and without any channel dispersion. Asynchronism, channel dispersion, or…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-16 Nozhan Hosseini , David W. Matolak

In this study, we propose index modulation (IM) with circularly-shifted chirps (CSCs) (CSC-IM) for dual-function radar and communication (DFRC) systems. The proposed scheme encodes the information bits with the CSC indices and the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-29 Alphan Sahin , Safi Shams Muhtasimul Hoque , Chao-Yu Chen

Traditional low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) transceivers typically compromise data rates to achieve deep coverage. This paper presents a novel transceiver that achieves high receiver sensitivity and low computational complexity. At the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Wenkun Wen , Ruiqi Zhang , Peiran Wu , Tierui Min , Minghua Xia

This paper describes a coherent chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technique based on the Long-Range (LoRa) physical layer (PHY) framework. LoRa PHY employs CSS on top of a variant of frequency shift keying (FSK), and non-coherent detection is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-23 Ivo Bizon Franco de Almeida , Marwa Chafii , Ahmad Nimr , Gerhard Fettweis

In this study, we propose a framework for chirp-based communications by exploiting discrete Fourier transform-spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM). We show that a well-designed frequency-domain spectral shaping…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-24 Alphan Sahin , Nozhan Hosseini , Hosseinali Jamal , Safi Shams Muhtasimul Hoque , David W. Matolak

We propose a multicarrier chirp-division multiplexing (MCDM) system in which orthogonal chirp waveforms are utilized as frequency subcarriers. Orthogonal characteristics of chirp subcarriers are analyzed in respect to cross-correlation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-18 Song-Wen Huang , Dimitris A. Pados

Chirps spread spectrum (CSS) modulation is the heart of long-range (LoRa) modulation used in the context of long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) in internet of things (IoT) scenarios. Despite being a proprietary technology owned by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-17 Alireza Maleki , Ha H. Nguyen , Ebrahim Bedeer , Robert Barton

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and its static sinusoidal subcarriers have underpinned the 4G and 5G eras, delivering high spectral efficiency and resilience to multipath fading through an efficient multicarrier…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Hyeon Seok Rou , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Emil Björnson , Sunwoo Kim , Marios Kountouris

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are crucial for large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) applications, yet they face increasing demands for higher data rates, improved reliability, and enhanced energy efficiency under stringent hardware…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Long Yuan , Wenkun Wen , Junlin Liu , Peiran Wu , Minghua Xia

The integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) can achieve the sharing of hardware and spectrum resources, enabling efficient data transmission and environmental sensing. This fusion is particularly important for unmanned aerial vehicle…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Yi Tao , Zhen Gao , Zhuoran Li , Ziwei Wan , Tuan Li , Chunli Zhu , Lei Chen , Guanghui Wen , Dezhi Zheng , Dusit Niyato
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