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Query rewriting (QR) is an increasingly important technique to reduce customer friction caused by errors in a spoken language understanding pipeline, where the errors originate from various sources such as speech recognition errors,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Zheng Chen , Xing Fan , Yuan Ling , Lambert Mathias , Chenlei Guo

Mapping a search query to a set of relevant categories in the product taxonomy is a significant challenge in e-commerce search for two reasons: 1) Training data exhibits severe class imbalance problem due to biased click behavior, and 2)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Ali Ahmadvand , Surya Kallumadi , Faizan Javed , Eugene Agichtein

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely employed across various application domains, yet their black-box nature poses significant challenges to understanding how these models process input data internally to make predictions. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hangfeng He , Weijie J. Su

Masked language modeling, widely used in discriminative language model (e.g., BERT) pretraining, commonly adopts a random masking strategy. However, random masking does not consider the importance of the different words in the sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are discovered to suffer from accurately retrieving key information. To address this, we propose Mask-Enhanced Autoregressive Prediction (MEAP), a simple yet effective training paradigm that seamlessly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xialie Zhuang , Zhikai Jia , Jianjin Li , Zhenyu Zhang , Li Shen , Zheng Cao , Shiwei Liu

Large language models (LLMs) call for extension of context to handle many critical applications. However, the existing approaches are prone to expensive costs and inferior quality of context extension. In this work, we propose Extensible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ninglu Shao , Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning and planning when trained on chainof-thought (CoT) data, where the step-by-step thought process is explicitly outlined by text tokens. However, this results in lengthy inputs where many words…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 DiJia Su , Hanlin Zhu , Yingchen Xu , Jiantao Jiao , Yuandong Tian , Qinqing Zheng

Pre-trained text encoders such as BERT and its variants have recently achieved state-of-the-art performances on many NLP tasks. While being effective, these pre-training methods typically demand massive computation resources. To accelerate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Jiaming Shen , Jialu Liu , Tianqi Liu , Cong Yu , Jiawei Han

Pretrained masked language models (MLMs) have demonstrated an impressive capability to comprehend and encode conceptual knowledge, revealing a lattice structure among concepts. This raises a critical question: how does this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Bo Xiong , Steffen Staab

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been prevailing in state-of-the-art methods for natural language processing, and knowledge-enhanced PLMs are further proposed to promote model performance in knowledge-intensive tasks. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Xintao Wang , Zhouhong Gu , Jiaqing Liang , Dakuan Lu , Yanghua Xiao , Wei Wang

Training models on low-resource named entity recognition tasks has been shown to be a challenge, especially in industrial applications where deploying updated models is a continuous effort and crucial for business operations. In such cases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Peter Izsak , Shira Guskin , Moshe Wasserblat

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have achieved state-of-the-art performance in practically every task in this field. However, the prevalent approach used in text generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Nicolo Micheletti , Samuel Belkadi , Lifeng Han , Goran Nenadic

Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) is critical for enabling natural human-machine interactions. However, existing methods predominantly employ categorical or dimensional emotion annotations, which often fail to adequately represent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yoshiki Tanaka , Ryuichi Uehara , Koji Inoue , Michimasa Inaba

Passage retrieval aims to retrieve relevant passages from large collections of the open-domain corpus. Contextual Masked Auto-Encoding has been proven effective in representation bottleneck pre-training of a monolithic dual-encoder for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Guangyuan Ma , Xing Wu , Peng Wang , Songlin Hu

The computational and memory overheads associated with expanding the context window of LLMs severely limit their scalability. A noteworthy solution is vision-text compression (VTC), exemplified by frameworks like DeepSeek-OCR and Glyph,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Hongbo Zhao , Meng Wang , Fei Zhu , Wenzhuo Liu , Bolin Ni , Fanhu Zeng , Gaofeng Meng , Zhaoxiang Zhang

In this paper, we propose Cross-Thought, a novel approach to pre-training sequence encoder, which is instrumental in building reusable sequence embeddings for large-scale NLP tasks such as question answering. Instead of using the original…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Shuohang Wang , Yuwei Fang , Siqi Sun , Zhe Gan , Yu Cheng , Jing Jiang , Jingjing Liu

The classification of short texts is a common subtask in Information Retrieval (IR). Recent advances in graph machine learning have led to interest in graph-based approaches for low resource scenarios, showing promise in such settings.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Gregor Donabauer , Udo Kruschwitz

In this paper, we introduce ELECTRA-style tasks to cross-lingual language model pre-training. Specifically, we present two pre-training tasks, namely multilingual replaced token detection, and translation replaced token detection. Besides,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Zewen Chi , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Shuming Ma , Bo Zheng , Saksham Singhal , Payal Bajaj , Xia Song , Xian-Ling Mao , Heyan Huang , Furu Wei

Effective relevance modeling is crucial for e-commerce search, as it aligns search results with user intent and enhances customer experience. Recent work has leveraged large language models (LLMs) to address the limitations of traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Baopu Qiu , Hao Chen , Yuanrong Wu , Changtong Zan , Chao Wei , Weiru Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng

While pre-trained language models (PTLMs) have achieved noticeable success on many NLP tasks, they still struggle for tasks that require event temporal reasoning, which is essential for event-centric applications. We present a continual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Rujun Han , Xiang Ren , Nanyun Peng