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As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains such as healthcare, law, and education, the demand for transparent, interpretable, and accountable AI systems becomes more urgent. Explainable AI (XAI) acts as a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Francisco Herrera

AI systems have seen significant adoption in various domains. At the same time, further adoption in some domains is hindered by inability to fully trust an AI system that it will not harm a human. Besides the concerns for fairness, privacy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Amit Sheth , Manas Gaur , Kaushik Roy , Keyur Faldu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly shows its potential to outperform predicate logic algorithms and human control alike. In automatically deriving a system model, AI algorithms learn relations in data that are not detectable for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Simon Daniel Duque Anton , Daniel Schneider , Hans Dieter Schotten

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is essential for enabling clinical users to get informed decision support from AI and comply with evidence-based medical practice. Applying XAI in clinical settings requires proper evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Weina Jin , Xiaoxiao Li , Mostafa Fatehi , Ghassan Hamarneh

Gaze-based interactions offer a potential way for users to naturally engage with mixed reality (XR) interfaces. Black-box machine learning models enabled higher accuracy for gaze-based interactions. However, due to the black-box nature of…

The rapidly advancing domain of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has sparked significant interests in developing techniques to make AI systems more transparent and understandable. Nevertheless, in real-world contexts, the methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Yulu Pi

Rejected job applicants seldom receive explanations from employers. Techniques from Explainable AI (XAI) could provide explanations at scale. Although XAI researchers have developed many different types of explanations, we know little about…

General Economics · Economics 2022-05-20 Matthew Olckers , Alicia Vidler , Toby Walsh

Researchers and practitioners increasingly consider a human-centered perspective in the design of machine learning-based applications, especially in the context of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). However, clear methodological…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Claudia Müller-Birn , Katrin Glinka , Peter Sörries , Michael Tebbe , Susanne Michl

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) systems, including intelligent agents, must be able to explain their internal decisions, behaviours and reasoning that produce their choices to the humans (or other systems) with which they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Mariela Morveli-Espinoza , Ayslan Possebom , Cesar Augusto Tacla

Given the sheer volume of surgical procedures and the significant rate of postoperative fatalities, assessing and managing surgical complications has become a critical public health concern. Existing artificial intelligence (AI) tools for…

In this paper I argue that the search for explainable models and interpretable decisions in AI must be reformulated in terms of the broader project of offering a pragmatic and naturalistic account of understanding in AI. Intuitively, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Andrés Páez

Recent advancements in AI have coincided with ever-increasing efforts in the research community to investigate, classify and evaluate various methods aimed at making AI models explainable. However, most of existing attempts present a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Ehsan Emamirad , Pouya Ghiasnezhad Omran , Armin Haller , Shirley Gregor

Explainable AI (XAI) presents useful tools to facilitate transparency and trustworthiness in machine learning systems. However, current evaluations of system explainability often rely heavily on subjective user surveys, which may not…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen

Black-box nature of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models do not allow users to comprehend and sometimes trust the output created by such model. In AI applications, where not only the results but also the decision paths to the results are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ibrahim Kok , Feyza Yildirim Okay , Ozgecan Muyanli , Suat Ozdemir

Explainable AI (XAI) has been investigated for decades and, together with AI itself, has witnessed unprecedented growth in recent years. Among various approaches to XAI, argumentative models have been advocated in both the AI and social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Kristijonas Čyras , Antonio Rago , Emanuele Albini , Pietro Baroni , Francesca Toni

Explaining firm decisions made by algorithms in customer-facing applications is increasingly required by regulators and expected by customers. While the emerging field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has mainly focused on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Yanou Ramon , Tom Vermeire , Olivier Toubia , David Martens , Theodoros Evgeniou

With the increasing availability of structured and unstructured data and the swift progress of analytical techniques, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is bringing a revolution to the healthcare industry. With the increasingly indispensable role…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Devam Dave , Het Naik , Smiti Singhal , Pankesh Patel

As computational systems supported by artificial intelligence (AI) techniques continue to play an increasingly pivotal role in making high-stakes recommendations and decisions across various domains, the demand for explainable AI (XAI) has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Muhammad Suffian , Ulrike Kuhl , Jose M. Alonso-Moral , Alessandro Bogliolo

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has experienced a significant growth over the last few years. This is due to the widespread application of machine learning, particularly deep learning, that has led to the development of highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Giulia Vilone , Luca Longo

This study critically examines the commonly held assumption that explicability in artificial intelligence (AI) systems inherently boosts user trust. Utilizing a meta-analytical approach, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Zahra Atf , Peter R. Lewis