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This paper describes how to adapt a static code analyzer to help novice programmers. Current analyzers have been built to give feedback to experienced programmers who build new applications or systems. The type of feedback and the type of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Tim Blok , Ansgar Fehnker

Motivation: Automated bug detection in dynamically typed languages such as Python is essential for maintaining code quality. The lack of mandatory type annotations in such languages can lead to errors that are challenging to identify early…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Boqi Chen , José Antonio Hernández López , Gunter Mussbacher , Dániel Varró

Security vulnerabilities present in a code that has been written in diverse programming languages are among the most critical yet complicated aspects of source code to detect. Static analysis tools based on rule-based patterns usually do…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hael Abdulhakim Ali Humran , Ferdi Sonmez

Linguistic typology aims to capture structural and semantic variation across the world's languages. A large-scale typology could provide excellent guidance for multilingual Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly for languages that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Edoardo Maria Ponti , Helen O'Horan , Yevgeni Berzak , Ivan Vulić , Roi Reichart , Thierry Poibeau , Ekaterina Shutova , Anna Korhonen

This paper presents the first attempt, up to our knowledge, to classify English writing styles on this scale with the challenge of classifying day to day language written by writers with different backgrounds covering various areas of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-26 Yanging Chen , Rami Al-Rfou' , Yejin Choi

Language models often struggle with idiomatic, figurative, or context-sensitive inputs, not because they produce flawed outputs, but because they misinterpret the input from the outset. We propose an input-only method for anticipating such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Maggie Mi , Aline Villavicencio , Nafise Sadat Moosavi

Statistical language modeling techniques have successfully been applied to source code, yielding a variety of new software development tools, such as tools for code suggestion and improving readability. A major issue with these techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Rafael-Michael Karampatsis , Charles Sutton

Language models have demonstrated remarkable performance in solving reasoning tasks; however, even the strongest models still occasionally make reasoning mistakes. Recently, there has been active research aimed at improving reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Tian Ye , Zicheng Xu , Yuanzhi Li , Zeyuan Allen-Zhu

Dynamically typed object-oriented languages enable programmers to write elegant, reusable and extensible programs. However, with the current methodology for program verification, the absence of static type information creates significant…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-01-13 Björn Engelmann , Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog , Nils Erik Flick

We develop an approach to estimate the probability that a program sampled from a large language model is correct. Given a natural language description of a programming problem, our method samples both candidate programs as well as candidate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Darren Key , Wen-Ding Li , Kevin Ellis

Deep learning models are effective, yet brittle. Even carefully trained, their behavior tends to be hard to predict when confronted with out-of-distribution samples. In this work, our goal is to propose a simple yet effective solution to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Gabriela Csurka , Tyler L. Hayes , Diane Larlus , Riccardo Volpi

Instruction-tuning language models has become a crucial step in aligning them for general use. Typically, this process involves extensive training on large datasets, incurring high training costs. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Dheeraj Mekala , Alex Nguyen , Jingbo Shang

Due to increasingly complex software design and rapid iterative development, code defects and security vulnerabilities are prevalent in modern software. In response, programmers rely on static analysis tools to regularly scan their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Anant Kharkar , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam , Matthew Jin , Xiaoyu Liu , Xin Shi , Colin Clement , Neel Sundaresan

Errors in medical text can cause delays or even result in incorrect treatment for patients. Recently, language models have shown promise in their ability to automatically detect errors in medical text, an ability that has the opportunity to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Craig Myles , Patrick Schrempf , David Harris-Birtill

Compilers for statically typed functional programming languages are notorious for generating confusing type error messages. When the compiler detects a type error, it typically reports the program location where the type checking failed as…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-08-28 Zvonimir Pavlinovic , Tim King , Thomas Wies

Type inference for dynamic programming languages such as Python is an important yet challenging task. Static type inference techniques can precisely infer variables with enough static constraints but are unable to handle variables with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Yun Peng , Cuiyun Gao , Zongjie Li , Bowei Gao , David Lo , Qirun Zhang , Michael Lyu

Natural language correction has the potential to help language learners improve their writing skills. While approaches with separate classifiers for different error types have high precision, they do not flexibly handle errors such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-01 Ziang Xie , Anand Avati , Naveen Arivazhagan , Dan Jurafsky , Andrew Y. Ng

A gradual type system allows developers to declare certain types to be enforced by the compiler (i.e., statically typed), while leaving other types to be enforced via runtime checks (i.e., dynamically typed). When runtime checks fail,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Felipe Bañados Schwerter , Ronald Garcia , Reid Holmes , Karim Ali

A key part of learning to program is learning to understand programming error messages. They can be hard to interpret and identifying the cause of errors can be time-consuming. One factor in this challenge is that the messages are typically…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Juho Leinonen , Arto Hellas , Sami Sarsa , Brent Reeves , Paul Denny , James Prather , Brett A. Becker

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the realm of mathematical reasoning necessitates comprehensive evaluations to gauge progress and inspire future directions. Existing assessments predominantly focus on problem-solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xiaoyuan Li , Wenjie Wang , Moxin Li , Junrong Guo , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng