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In this paper, we present a new framework how a PDE with constraints can be formulated into a sequence of PDEs with no constraints, whose solutions are convergent to the solution of the PDE with constraints. This framework is then used to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Jiwei Jia , Young Ju Lee , Ruitong Shan

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are central to modeling complex systems across physical, biological, and engineering domains, yet traditional numerical methods often struggle with high-dimensional or complex problems. Physics-Informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Chenggong Zhang

Singularly perturbed partial differential equations arise in many applications, including magnetohydrodynamic duct flows, chemical reaction transport systems, and Poisson Boltzmann electrostatics. These problems are characterized by sharp…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Wei-Fan Hu , Shi-Xiang Zhong , Po-Wen Hsieh , Chung-Kai Chen , Te-Sheng Lin

Neural operators have emerged as powerful surrogates for the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), yet their ability to handle general, highly variable boundary conditions (BCs) remains limited. Existing approaches often fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sepehr Mousavi , Siddhartha Mishra , Laura De Lorenzis

Boundary conditions (BCs) are important groups of physics-enforced constraints that are necessary for solutions of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to satisfy at specific spatial locations. These constraints carry important physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Nadim Saad , Gaurav Gupta , Shima Alizadeh , Danielle C. Maddix

In this paper, we present a novel framework to solve differential equations based on multilayer feedforward network. Previous works indicate that solvers based on neural network have low accuracy due to that the boundary conditions are not…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-04-16 Zeyu Liu , Yantao Yang , Qing-Dong Cai

Partial differential equations (PDEs) with Dirichlet boundary conditions defined on boundaries with simple geometry have been succesfuly treated using sigmoidal multilayer perceptrons in previous works. This article deals with the case of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 I. E. Lagaris , A. Likas , D. G. Papageorgiou

Since their advent nearly a decade ago, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been studied extensively as a novel technique for solving forward and inverse problems in physics and engineering. The neural network discretization of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Conor Rowan , Kai Hampleman , Kurt Maute , Alireza Doostan

The traditional limitations of neural networks in reliably generalizing beyond the convex hulls of their training data present a significant problem for computational physics, in which one often wishes to solve PDEs in regimes far beyond…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jonathan Gorard , Ammar Hakim , James Juno

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is the canonical approach for understanding the behavior of physical systems. However, large scale solutions of PDEs using state of the art discretization techniques remains an expensive…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Xiaoxuan Zhang , Krishna Garikipati

In the present work, a multi-scale framework for neural network enhanced methods is proposed for approximation of function and solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). By introducing the multi-scale concept, the total solution of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Xiaodan Ren

Recently deep learning surrogates and neural operators have shown promise in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, they often require a large amount of training data and are limited to bounded domains. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Zhiwei Fang , Sifan Wang , Paris Perdikaris

We propose a method combining boundary integral equations and neural networks (BINet) to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) in both bounded and unbounded domains. Unlike existing solutions that directly operate over original PDEs,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Guochang Lin , Pipi Hu , Fukai Chen , Xiang Chen , Junqing Chen , Jun Wang , Zuoqiang Shi

Inverse problems for Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are crucial in numerous applications such as geophysics, biomedical imaging, and material science, where unknown physical properties must be inferred from indirect measurements. In…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Dabin Park , Sanghyun Lee , Sunghwan Moon

(Partial) differential equations (PDEs) are fundamental tools for describing natural phenomena, making their solution crucial in science and engineering. While traditional methods, such as the finite element method, provide reliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Viggo Moro , Luiz F. O. Chamon

We present a novel approach that integrates unfitted finite element methods and neural networks to approximate partial differential equations on complex geometries. Easy-to-generate background meshes (e.g., a simple Cartesian mesh) that cut…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Wei Li , Alberto F. Martín , Santiago Badia

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to provide robust and accurate approximations of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face serious difficulties and challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Rajat Arora

Neural network-based approaches for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) have recently received special attention. However, the large majority of neural PDE solvers only apply to rectilinear domains, and do not systematically…

Form-finding of unilateral membrane structures is commonly addressed by solving equilibrium equations with Finite Element Methods (FEMs). This paper investigates Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) as an alternative, where the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Luigi Sibille , Sigrid Adriaenssens , Carlo Olivieri

While deep learning techniques have become extremely popular for solving a broad range of optimization problems, methods to enforce hard constraints during optimization, particularly on deep neural networks, remain underdeveloped. Inspired…

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