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Related papers: Threat Repair with Optimization Modulo Theories

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To apply reinforcement learning to safety-critical applications, we ought to provide safety guarantees during both policy training and deployment. In this work, we present theoretical results that place a bound on the probability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jacques Cloete , Nikolaus Vertovec , Alessandro Abate

Large Language Models (LLMs) are currently being integrated into industrial software applications to help users perform more complex tasks in less time. However, these LLM-Integrated Applications (LIA) expand the attack surface and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Felix Viktor Jedrzejewski , Davide Fucci , Oleksandr Adamov

Despite the surging development and utilization of IoT devices, the security of IoT devices is still in infancy. The security pitfalls of IoT devices have made it easy for hackers to take over IoT devices and use them for malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Syed Ghazanfar Abbas , Shahzaib Zahid , Faisal Hussain , Ghalib A. Shah , Muhammad Husnain

Optimization Modulo Theories (OMT) has emerged as an important extension of the highly successful Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) paradigm. The OMT problem requires solving an SMT problem with the restriction that the solution must be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Nestan Tsiskaridze , Clark Barrett , Cesare Tinelli

Advanced persistent threats (APT) combine a variety of different attack forms ranging from social engineering to technical exploits. The diversity and usual stealthiness of APT turns them into a central problem of contemporary practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Stefan Rass , Sandra König , Stefan Schauer

Our decision-making processes are becoming more data driven, based on data from multiple sources, of different types, processed by a variety of technologies. As technology becomes more relevant for decision processes, the more likely they…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Tomasz Ostwald

We consider the following \emph{model repair problem}: given a finite Kripke structure $M$ and a specification formula $\eta$ in some modal or temporal logic, determine if $M$ contains a substructure $M'$ (with the same initial state) that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-04-15 Paul C. Attie , Jad Saklawi

The last years have seen an increase in Man-at-the-End (MATE) attacks against software applications, both in number and severity. However, software protection, which aims at mitigating MATE attacks, is dominated by fuzzy concepts and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Cataldo Basile , Bjorn De Sutter , Daniele Canavese , Leonardo Regano , Bart Coppens

In this paper we study the problem of synthesizing optimal control policies for uncertain continuous-time nonlinear systems from syntactically co-safe linear temporal logic (scLTL) formulas. We formulate this problem as a sequence of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-16 Max Cohen , Calin Belta

Large language models (LLMs) employ safety mechanisms to prevent harmful outputs, yet these defenses primarily rely on semantic pattern matching. We show that encoding harmful prompts as coherent mathematical problems -- using formalisms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Haoyu Zhang , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

By exploiting the increasing surface attack of systems, cyber-attacks can cause catastrophic events, such as, remotely disable safety mechanisms. This means that in order to avoid hazards, safety and security need to be integrated,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Vivek Nigam , Alexander Pretschner , Harald Ruess

The increasing complexity of modern configurable systems makes it critical to improve the level of automation in the process of system configuration. Such automation can also improve the agility of the development cycle, allowing for rapid…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Nestan Tsiskaridze , Maxwell Strange , Makai Mann , Kavya Sreedhar , Qiaoyi Liu , Mark Horowitz , Clark Barrett

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have now become commonplace in software products and services. When threat modelling a system, it is therefore important that we consider threats unique to ML and AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Vimal Kumar , Juliette Mayo , Khadija Bahiss

Traditional threat modeling occurs during design, but cloud deployments introduce unanticipated threats, especially multi-stage attacks chaining vulnerabilities across trust boundaries. Existing security tools analyze components in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Nicholas Pecka , Lotfi Ben Othmane , Bharat Bhargava , Renee Bryce

With increased developments and interest in cooperative driving and higher levels of automation (SAE level 3+), the need for safety systems that are capable to monitor system health and maintain safe operations in faulty scenarios is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-03 Niels Lodder , Chris van der Ploeg , Laura Ferranti , Emilia Silvas

The Why3 IDE and verification system facilitates the use of a wide range of Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers through a driver-based architecture. We present Where4: a portfolio-based approach to discharge Why3 proof obligations.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Andrew Healy , Rosemary Monahan , James F. Power

We study automated intrusion prevention using reinforcement learning. In a novel approach, we formulate the problem of intrusion prevention as an optimal stopping problem. This formulation allows us insight into the structure of the optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Kim Hammar , Rolf Stadler

Threat modeling has long guided software development work, and we consider how Public Threat Models (PTM) can convey useful security information to others. We list some early adopter precedents, explain the many benefits, address potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Loren Kohnfelder , Adam Shostack

Threat modeling has been successfully applied to model technical threats within information systems. However, a lack of methods focusing on non-technical assets and their representation can be observed in theory and practice. Following the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jan von der Assen , Jasmin Hochuli , Thomas Grübl , Burkhard Stiller

Security attacks are hard to understand, often expressed with unfriendly and limited details, making it difficult for security experts and for security analysts to create intelligible security specifications. For instance, to explain Why…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Muhammad Sabir Idrees , Yves Roudier , Ludovic Apvrille