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Threat modeling is a crucial component of cybersecurity, particularly for industries such as banking, where the security of financial data is paramount. Traditional threat modeling approaches require expert intervention and manual effort,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Tingmin Wu , Shuiqiao Yang , Shigang Liu , David Nguyen , Seung Jang , Alsharif Abuadbba

Ensuring the reliability and verifiability of large language model (LLM)-enabled systems remains a significant challenge in software engineering. We propose a probabilistic framework for systematically analyzing and improving these systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Juan Manuel Baldonado , Flavia Bonomo-Braberman , Víctor Adrián Braberman

Softwarization and virtualization in 5G and beyond necessitate thorough testing to ensure the security of critical infrastructure and networks, requiring the identification of vulnerabilities and unintended emergent behaviors from protocol…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Jingda Yang , Sudhanshu Arya , Ying Wang

Model-based safety analysis approaches aim at finding critical failure combinations by analysis of models of the whole system (i.e. software, hardware, failure modes and environment). The advantage of these methods compared to traditional…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-06-29 Matthias Güdemann , Frank Ortmeier

System Instructions in Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly used to enforce safety policies, define agent behavior, and protect sensitive operational context in agentic AI applications. These instructions may contain sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Anubhab Sahu , Diptisha Samanta , Reza Soosahabi

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) community has started to define so-called profiles in order to better suit the needs of specific domains or settings. Product lines1 represent a special breed of systems they are extensible semi-finished…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-10-16 Wolfgang Pree , Marcus Fontoura , Bernhard Rumpe

Automated unit test generation is critical for software quality but traditional structure-driven methods often lack the semantic understanding required to produce realistic inputs and oracles. Large language models (LLMs) address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Bei Chu , Yang Feng , Kui Liu , Zhaoqiang Guo , Yichi Zhang , Hange Shi , Zifan Nan , Baowen Xu

The formalization of process knowledge using ontologies enables consistent modeling of parameter interdependencies in manufacturing. These interdependencies are typically represented as mathematical expressions that define relations between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Tom Jeleniewski , Hamied Nabizada , Jonathan Reif , Felix Gehlhoff , Alexander Fay

Application of formal models provides many benefits for the software and system development, however, the learning curve of formal languages could be a critical factor for an industrial project. Thus, a natural language specification that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-12-07 Phan Vo Thu Nhat , Maria Spichkova

Network protocol testing is fundamental for modern network infrastructure. However, traditional network protocol testing methods are labor-intensive and error-prone, requiring manual interpretation of specifications, test case design, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yunze Wei , Kaiwen Wei , Shibo Du , Jianyu Wang , Zhangzhong Liu , Yawen Wang , Zhanyou Li , Congcong Miao , Xiaohui Xie , Yong Cui

Testing has become an indispensable activity of software development, yet writing good and relevant tests remains a quite challenging task. One well-known problem is that it often is impossible or unrealistic to test for every outcome, as…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-18 Dimitri Racordon , Didier Buchs

Formal Methods (FMs) are currently essential for verifying the safety and reliability of software systems. However, the specification writing in formal methods tends to be complex and challenging to learn, requiring familiarity with various…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Jianyu Zhang , Long Zhang , Yixuan Wu , Feng Yang

This paper presents an operational semantics for UML activity diagrams. The purpose of this semantics is three-fold: to give a robust basis for verifying model correctness; to help validate model transformations; and to provide a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-11 Zamira Daw , Rance Cleaveland

Verification presents a major bottleneck in Integrated Circuit (IC) development, consuming nearly 70% of total effort. While the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) improves reuse through structured verification environments,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Junhao Ye , Dingrong Pan , Hanyuan Liu , Yuchen Hu , Jie Zhou , Ke Xu , Xinwei Fang , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Dependability is an umbrella concept that subsumes many key properties about a system, including reliability, maintainability, safety, availability, confidentiality, and integrity. Various dependability modeling techniques have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-06-23 Waqar Ahmed , Osman Hasan , Sofiene Tahar

The integration of artificial intelligence into automated penetration testing (AutoPT) has highlighted the necessity of simulation modeling for the training of intelligent agents, due to its cost-efficiency and swift feedback capabilities.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yunfei Wang , Shixuan Liu , Wenhao Wang , Changling Zhou , Chao Zhang , Jiandong Jin , Cheng Zhu

A conceptual model is used to support development and design within the area of systems and software modeling. The notion of validation refers to representing a domain in a model accurately and generating results using an executable model.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Sabah Al-Fedaghi

Best practices of self-sovereign identity (SSI) are being intensively explored in academia and industry. Reusable solutions obtained from best practices are generalized as architectural patterns for systematic analysis and design reference,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yepeng Ding , Hiroyuki Sato

Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) optimize production and business processes at the same time. However, the engineering and specification of MES is a challenging, interdisciplinary process. Especially IT and production experts with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-12 Maria Witsch , Birgit Vogel-Heuser

A Large Language Model (LLM) represents a cutting-edge artificial intelligence model that generates coherent content, including grammatically precise sentences, human-like paragraphs, and syntactically accurate code snippets. LLMs can play…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Robson Santos , Italo Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes , Ronnie de Souza Santos