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Design and forecasting of patient enrollment is among the greatest challenges that the clinical research enterprize faces today, as inefficient enrollment can be a major cause of drug development delays. Therefore, the development of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-27 Vladimir Anisimov , Matthew Austin

During drug development, evidence can emerge to suggest a treatment is more effective in a specific patient subgroup. Whilst early trials may be conducted in biomarker-mixed populations, later trials are more likely to enrol…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-07 Lorna Wheaton , Dan Jackson , Sylwia Bujkiewicz

In the realm of medical science, the pursuit of enhancing treatment efficacy and patient outcomes continues to drive innovation. This study delves into the integration of biomimicry principles within the domain of Radiation Therapy (RT) to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Keshav Kumar K. , NVSL Narasimham

Recent clinical trials have shown that the adaptive drug therapy can be more efficient than a standard MTD-based policy in treatment of cancer patients. The adaptive therapy paradigm is not based on a preset schedule; instead, the doses are…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-06 Mark Gluzman , Jacob G. Scott , Alexander Vladimirsky

Developing targeted therapies based on patients' baseline characteristics and genomic profiles such as biomarkers has gained growing interests in recent years. Depending on patients' clinical characteristics, the expression of specific…

Applications · Statistics 2019-02-26 Yanxun Xu , Florica Constantine , Yuan Yuan , Yili L. Pritchett

Bayesian adaptive designs have gained popularity in all phases of clinical trials with numerous new developments in the past few decades. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to establish evidence for the effectiveness of vaccines,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-08 Shirin Golchi

There are several different modalities, e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, that are currently used to treat cancer. It is common practice to use a combination of these modalities to maximize clinical outcomes, which are often…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-27 Kelsey Maass , Minsun Kim

Early screening for cancer has proven to improve the survival rate and spare patients from intensive and costly treatments due to late diagnosis. Cancer screening in the healthy population involves an initial risk stratification step to…

Primarily motivated by the drug development process, several publications have now presented methodology for the design of multi-arm multi-stage experiments with normally distributed outcome variables of known variance. Here, we extend…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-04 Michael Grayling , James Wason , Adrian Mander

Chemotherapy for cancer treatment is costly and accompanied by severe side effects, highlighting the critical need for early prediction of treatment outcomes to improve patient management and informed decision-making. Predictive models for…

Multi-gene panel testing allows efficient detection of pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes including moderate-risk genes such as ATM and PALB2. A growing number of studies examine the risk of breast cancer (BC) conferred by…

The Project Optimus initiative by the FDA's Oncology Center of Excellence is widely viewed as a groundbreaking effort to change the $\textit{status quo}$ of conventional dose-finding strategies in oncology. Unlike in other therapeutic areas…

Applications · Statistics 2023-04-14 Zhenghao Jiang , Gu Mi , Ji Lin , Christelle Lorenzato , Yuan Ji

The question of selecting the "best" amongst different choices is a common problem in statistics. In drug development, our motivating setting, the question becomes, for example: what is the dose that gives me a pre-specified risk of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-15 Pavel Mozgunov , Thomas Jaki

Despite recent progress in predicting biomarker trajectories from real clinical data, uncertainty in the predictions poses high-stakes risks (e.g., misdiagnosis) that limit their clinical deployment. To enable safe and reliable use of such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-19 Vasiliki Tassopoulou , Charis Stamouli , Haochang Shou , George J. Pappas , Christos Davatzikos

Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. Unlike chemotherapies, immune agents often take longer time to show benefit, and the complex and unique mechanism of action of these agents renders the use of multiple endpoints more…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-02 Ruitao Lin , Robert L Coleman , Ying Yuan

In clinical trials, response-adaptive randomization (RAR) has the appealing ability to assign more subjects to better-performing treatments based on interim results. The traditional RAR strategy alters the randomization ratio on a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-01 David Merrell , Thevaa Chandereng , Yeonhee Park

In a sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial (SMART), a sequence of treatments is given to a patient over multiple stages. In each stage, randomization may be done to allocate patients to different treatment groups. Even though…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-09 Rik Ghosh , Bibhas Chakraborty , Inbal Nahum-Shani , Megan E. Patrick , Palash Ghosh

Purpose. Patients with advanced cancer may undergo multiple lines of treatment, switching therapies as their disease progresses. Motivated by a study of metastatic prostate cancer, we develop a microsimulation framework to study therapy…

Random allocation models used in clinical trials aid researchers in determining which of a particular treatment provides the best results by reducing bias between groups. Often however, this determination leaves researchers battling ethical…

Applications · Statistics 2020-08-04 Albert. H. Lee , Edward L Boone , Roy T. Sabo , Erin Donahue

The primary objective of phase I oncology studies is to establish the safety profile of a new treatment and determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). This is motivated by the development of cytotoxic agents based on the underlying…

Applications · Statistics 2023-02-10 Yiding Zhang , Zhixing Xu , Hui Quan , Ji Lin