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Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has been the dominant optimization method for training deep neural networks due to its many desirable properties. One of the more remarkable and least understood quality of SGD is that it generalizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Erhan Bilal

One of the most important parts of Artificial Neural Networks is minimizing the loss functions which tells us how good or bad our model is. To minimize these losses we need to tune the weights and biases. Also to calculate the minimum value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Kaustubh Yadav

While the Implicit Bias(or Implicit Regularization) of standard loss functions has been studied, the optimization geometry induced by discriminative metric-learning objectives remains largely unexplored.To the best of our knowledge, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jiawen Li

Neural networks trained with standard objectives exhibit behaviors characteristic of probabilistic inference: soft clustering, prototype specialization, and Bayesian uncertainty tracking. These phenomena appear across architectures -- in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Alan Oursland

Gradient-based methods enable efficient search capabilities in high dimensions. However, in order to apply them effectively in offline optimization paradigms such as offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) or Imitation Learning (IL), we require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 H. J. Terry Suh , Glen Chou , Hongkai Dai , Lujie Yang , Abhishek Gupta , Russ Tedrake

Regularization plays an important role in generalization of deep neural networks, which are often prone to overfitting with their numerous parameters. L1 and L2 regularizers are common regularization tools in machine learning with their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Dae Hoon Park , Chiu Man Ho , Yi Chang , Huaqing Zhang

An influential line of recent work has focused on the generalization properties of unregularized gradient-based learning procedures applied to separable linear classification with exponentially-tailed loss functions. The ability of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Matan Schliserman , Tomer Koren

Modern deep learning models generalize remarkably well in-distribution, despite being overparametrized and trained with little to no explicit regularization. Instead, current theory credits implicit regularization imposed by the choice of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jonathan Wenger , Beau Coker , Juraj Marusic , John P. Cunningham

In this paper we introduce a novel method of gradient normalization and decay with respect to depth. Our method leverages the simple concept of normalizing all gradients in a deep neural network, and then decaying said gradients with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Robert Kwiatkowski , Oscar Chang

The optimization algorithms are crucial in training physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), as unsuitable methods may lead to poor solutions. Compared to the common gradient descent (GD) algorithm, implicit gradient descent (IGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Xianliang Xu , Ting Du , Wang Kong , Bin Shan , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

We propose a new technique that boosts the convergence of training generative adversarial networks. Generally, the rate of training deep models reduces severely after multiple iterations. A key reason for this phenomenon is that a deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-15 Atsushi Nitanda , Taiji Suzuki

It is important to understand how dropout, a popular regularization method, aids in achieving a good generalization solution during neural network training. In this work, we present a theoretical derivation of an implicit regularization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Zhongwang Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Graduated optimization is a global optimization technique that is used to minimize a multimodal nonconvex function by smoothing the objective function with noise and gradually refining the solution. This paper experimentally evaluates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Naoki Sato , Hideaki Iiduka

Implicit regularization is an important way to interpret neural networks. Recent theory starts to explain implicit regularization with the model of deep matrix factorization (DMF) and analyze the trajectory of discrete gradient dynamics in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Jian Cao , Chen Qian , Yihui Huang , Dicheng Chen , Yuncheng Gao , Jiyang Dong , Di Guo , Xiaobo Qu

We provide a detailed asymptotic study of gradient flow trajectories and their implicit optimization bias when minimizing the exponential loss over "diagonal linear networks". This is the simplest model displaying a transition between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Edward Moroshko , Suriya Gunasekar , Blake Woodworth , Jason D. Lee , Nathan Srebro , Daniel Soudry

The performance of gradient-based optimization methods, such as standard gradient descent (GD), greatly depends on the choice of learning rate. However, it can require a non-trivial amount of user tuning effort to select an appropriate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nikola Surjanovic , Alexandre Bouchard-Côté , Trevor Campbell

Mathematically characterizing the implicit regularization induced by gradient-based optimization is a longstanding pursuit in the theory of deep learning. A widespread hope is that a characterization based on minimization of norms may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Noam Razin , Nadav Cohen

Stochastic gradient descent is one of the most successful approaches for solving large-scale problems, especially in machine learning and statistics. At each iteration, it employs an unbiased estimator of the full gradient computed from one…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-05 Bangti Jin , Xiliang Lu

First-order optimization methods tend to inherently favor certain solutions over others when minimizing an underdetermined training objective that has multiple global optima. This phenomenon, known as implicit bias, plays a critical role in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Guanghui Wang , Zihao Hu , Claudio Gentile , Vidya Muthukumar , Jacob Abernethy

Large pre-trained models have demonstrated extensive applications across various fields. However, fine-tuning these models for specific downstream tasks demands significant computational resources and storage. One fine-tuning method,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Xuanbo Liu , Liu Liu , Fuxiang Wu , Fusheng Hao , Xianglong Liu