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Biological systems exhibit processes on a wide range of time and length scales. This work demonstrates that models, wherein the interaction between system constituents is captured by algebraic operations, inherently allow for successive…

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Reaction and retrosynthesis prediction are fundamental tasks in computational chemistry that have recently garnered attention from both the machine learning and drug discovery communities. Various deep learning approaches have been proposed…

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Deep learning models for anticipating the products of organic reactions have found many use cases, including validating retrosynthetic pathways and constraining synthesis-based molecular design tools. Despite compelling performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 John Bradshaw , Anji Zhang , Babak Mahjour , David E. Graff , Marwin H. S. Segler , Connor W. Coley

Chemical reactions are the fundamental building blocks of drug design and organic chemistry research. In recent years, there has been a growing need for a large-scale deep-learning framework that can efficiently capture the basic rules of…

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In this study, we introduced a new benchmark consisting of a curated dataset and a defined evaluation process to assess the compositional reasoning capabilities of large language models within the chemistry domain. We designed and validated…

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Machine learning advances chemistry and materials science by enabling large-scale exploration of chemical space based on quantum chemical calculations. While these models supply fast and accurate predictions of atomistic chemical…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-06-25 K. T. Schütt , M. Gastegger , A. Tkatchenko , K. -R. Müller , R. J. Maurer

Empowering large language models (LLMs) with chemical intelligence remains a challenge due to the scarcity of high-quality, domain-specific instruction-response datasets and the misalignment of existing synthetic data generation pipelines…

Recent progress in machine learning has sparked increased interest in utilizing this technology to predict the outcomes of chemical reactions. The ultimate aim of such endeavors is to develop a universal model that can predict products for…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-07-03 Daniel Julian , Jesús Pérez-Ríos

Question Answering (QA) effectively evaluates language models' reasoning and knowledge depth. While QA datasets are plentiful in areas like general domain and biomedicine, academic chemistry is less explored. Chemical QA plays a crucial…

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Chemical reasoning inherently integrates visual, textual, and symbolic modalities, yet existing benchmarks rarely capture this complexity, often relying on simple image-text pairs with limited chemical semantics. As a result, the actual…

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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong general reasoning but struggle in molecular science due to the lack of explicit chemical priors in standard string representations. Current solutions face a fundamental dilemma. Training-based…

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Recent developments in computational chemistry facilitate the automated quantum chemical exploration of chemical reaction networks for the in-silico prediction of synthesis pathways, yield, and selectivity. However, the underlying quantum…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Marco Eckhoff , Markus Reiher

There is a wide gap between symbolic reasoning and deep learning. In this research, we explore the possibility of using deep learning to improve symbolic reasoning. Briefly, in a reasoning system, a deep feedforward neural network is used…

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Predicting the outcome of a chemical reaction using efficient computational models can be used to develop high-throughput screening techniques. This can significantly reduce the number of experiments needed to be performed in a huge search…

Navigating the complexities of physics reasoning has long been a difficult task for Large Language Models (LLMs), requiring a synthesis of profound conceptual understanding and adept problem-solving techniques. In this study, we investigate…

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The ability to process information from multiple modalities and to reason through it step-by-step remains a critical challenge in advancing artificial intelligence. However, existing reasoning benchmarks focus on text-only reasoning, or…

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General reasoning represents a long-standing and formidable challenge in artificial intelligence. Recent breakthroughs, exemplified by large language models (LLMs) and chain-of-thought prompting, have achieved considerable success on…

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Molecular representation learning is pivotal for various molecular property prediction tasks related to drug discovery. Robust and accurate benchmarks are essential for refining and validating current methods. Existing molecular property…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Shikun Feng , Jiaxin Zheng , Yinjun Jia , Yanwen Huang , Fengfeng Zhou , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

In recent years, conventional chemistry techniques have faced significant challenges due to their inherent limitations, struggling to cope with the increasing complexity and volume of data generated in contemporary research endeavors.…

Reasoning plays a crucial role in advancing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) toward Artificial General Intelligence. However, existing MLLM benchmarks often fall short in precisely and comprehensively evaluating long-chain reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Huanjin Yao , Jiaxing Huang , Yawen Qiu , Michael K. Chen , Wenzheng Liu , Wei Zhang , Wenjie Zeng , Xikun Zhang , Jingyi Zhang , Yuxin Song , Wenhao Wu , Dacheng Tao