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Variational quantum algorithms are expected to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computing on near-term noisy quantum computers. However, training such variational quantum algorithms suffers from gradient vanishing as the size of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Anbang Wu , Gushu Li , Yuke Wang , Boyuan Feng , Yufei Ding , Yuan Xie

The current state of quantum computing is commonly described as the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum era. Available computers contain a few dozens of qubits and can perform a few dozens of operations before the inevitable noise erases all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Ijaz Ahamed Mohammad , Matej Pivoluska , Martin Plesch

Despite the advantage quantum computers are expected to deliver when performing simulations compared to their classical counterparts, the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices remain limited in their capabilities. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Clara Ferreira Cores , Kaur Kristjuhan , Mark Nicholas Jones

The public access to noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers facilitated by IBM, Rigetti, D-Wave, etc., has propelled the development of quantum applications that may offer quantum supremacy in the future large-scale quantum…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) have become a powerful tool for implementing Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs), addressing a wide range of complex problems. Well-trained VQCs serve as valuable intellectual assets hosted on cloud-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Zhenxiao Fu , Min Yang , Cheng Chu , Yilun Xu , Gang Huang , Fan Chen

Quantum computing has the potential to outperform classical computers and is expected to play an active role in various fields. In quantum machine learning, a quantum computer has been found useful for enhanced feature representation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-26 Masaya Watabe , Kodai Shiba , Masaru Sogabe , Katsuyoshi Sakamoto , Tomah Sogabe

The potential impact of quantum machine learning algorithms on industrial applications remains an exciting open question. Conventional methods for encoding classical data into quantum computers are not only too costly for a potential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-06 Kevin Shen , Bernhard Jobst , Elvira Shishenina , Frank Pollmann

Current technological advancements of quantum computers highlight the need for application-driven, practical and well-defined methods of benchmarking their performance. As the existing NISQ device's quality of two-qubit gate errors rate is…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Krzysztof Kurowski , Piotr Rydlichowski , Konrad Wojciechowski , Tomasz Pecyna , Mateusz Slysz

We propose using variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to simulate established quantum algorithms under realistic noise conditions, aiming to surpass the fidelity of theoretical circuits in noisy environments. Focusing on the Quantum…

Ensemble methods in machine learning aim to improve prediction accuracy by combining multiple models. This is achieved by ensuring diversity among predictors to capture different data aspects. Homogeneous ensembles use identical models,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Emiliano Tolotti , Enrico Blanzieri , Davide Pastorello

Quantum algorithms offer an exponential speedup over classical algorithms for a range of computational problems. The fundamental mechanisms underlying quantum computation required the development and construction of quantum computers. These…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shane Sweeney , Krishnendu Guha

Variational quantum algorithms are suitable for use on noisy quantum systems. One of the most important use-cases is the quantum simulation of materials, using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE). To optimize VQE performance, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Waheeda Saib , Petros Wallden , Ismail Akhalwaya

Recently, quantum classifiers have been found to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, in which quantum classifiers are deceived by imperceptible noises, leading to misclassification. In this paper, we propose the first theoretical study…

With the progression into the quantum utility era, computing is shifting toward quantum-centric architectures, where multiple quantum processors collaborate with classical computing resources. Platforms such as IBM Quantum and Amazon Braket…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Jinyang Li , Yuhong Song , Yipei Liu , Jianli Pan , Lei Yang , Travis Humble , Weiwen Jiang

In this work, we demonstrate a practical application of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithms to enhance subroutines in the Black-Litterman (BL) portfolio optimization model. As a proof of concept, we implement a 12-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Chi-Chun Chen , San-Lin Chung , Hsi-Sheng Goan

Machine learning and quantum computing are two technologies each with the potential for altering how computation is performed to address previously untenable problems. Kernel methods for machine learning are ubiquitous for pattern…

Noisy and Intermediate-Scale Quantum, or NISQ, processors are sensitive to noise, prone to quantum decoherence, and are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Hence, quantum algorithms…

Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQC) are promising towards quantum advantage on near-term quantum hardware. However, due to the large quantum noises (errors), the performance of PQC models has a severe degradation on real quantum devices.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Hanrui Wang , Jiaqi Gu , Yongshan Ding , Zirui Li , Frederic T. Chong , David Z. Pan , Song Han

Variational quantum algorithms exploit the features of superposition and entanglement to optimize a cost function efficiently by manipulating the quantum states. They are suitable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-29 Yunya Liu , Jiakun Liu , Jordan R. Raney , Pai Wang

In the lead up to fault tolerance, the utility of quantum computing will be determined by how adequately the effects of noise can be circumvented in quantum algorithms. Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the variational quantum…