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Related papers: Mixup for Test-Time Training

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Data samples generated by several real world processes are dynamic in nature \textit{i.e.}, their characteristics vary with time. Thus it is not possible to train and tackle all possible distributional shifts between training and inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Prabhu Teja Sivaprasad , François Fleuret

Test-time training (TTT) methods explicitly update the weights of a model to adapt to the specific test instance, and they have found success in a variety of settings, including most recently language modeling and reasoning. To demystify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Halil Alperen Gozeten , M. Emrullah Ildiz , Xuechen Zhang , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Marco Mondelli , Samet Oymak

Many machine learning models have important structural tuning parameters that cannot be directly estimated from the data. The common tactic for setting these parameters is to use resampling methods, such as cross--validation or the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-28 Max Kuhn

Machine learning methods strive to acquire a robust model during the training process that can effectively generalize to test samples, even in the presence of distribution shifts. However, these methods often suffer from performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Jian Liang , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

Mixture of expert (MoE) models are a promising approach to increasing model capacity without increasing inference cost, and are core components of many state-of-the-art language models. However, current MoE models typically use only few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Ryo Bertolissi , Jonas Hübotter , Ido Hakimi , Andreas Krause

Test-time adaptation (TTA) addresses distribution shifts for streaming test data in unsupervised settings. Currently, most TTA methods can only deal with minor shifts and rely heavily on heuristic and empirical studies. To advance TTA under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shurui Gui , Xiner Li , Shuiwang Ji

MixUp is a computer vision data augmentation technique that uses convex interpolations of input data and their labels to enhance model generalization during training. However, the application of MixUp to the natural language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Wancong Zhang , Ieshan Vaidya

Accurate prediction of the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in intensive care units (ICUs) patients is crucial for timely interventions and resource allocation. However, variability in patient populations, clinical practices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xiaolei Lu , Shamim Nemati

Although the pre-training followed by fine-tuning paradigm is used extensively in many fields, there is still some controversy surrounding the impact of pre-training on the fine-tuning process. Currently, experimental findings based on text…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Jiashu Pu , Shiwei Zhao , Ling Cheng , Yongzhu Chang , Runze Wu , Tangjie Lv , Rongsheng Zhang

Test-time adaptation enables large language models (LLMs) to modify their behavior at inference without updating model parameters. A common approach is many-shot prompting, where large numbers of in-context learning (ICL) examples are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Shubhangi Upasani , Chen Wu , Jay Rainton , Bo Li , Urmish Thakker , Changran Hu , Qizheng Zhang

When an NLP model is trained on text data from one time period and tested or deployed on data from another, the resulting temporal misalignment can degrade end-task performance. In this work, we establish a suite of eight diverse tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Kelvin Luu , Daniel Khashabi , Suchin Gururangan , Karishma Mandyam , Noah A. Smith

Overfitting & underfitting and stable training are an important challenges in machine learning. Current approaches for these issues are mixup, SamplePairing and BC learning. In our work, we state the hypothesis that mixing many images…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Maciej A. Czyzewski

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization but remain sensitive to domain shifts at test time. Test-time prompt tuning (TPT) mitigates this issue by adapting prompts with fixed augmentations, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuqing Lei , Yingjun Du , Yawen Huang , Xiantong Zhen , Ling Shao

In domain generalization (DG), the target domain is unknown when the model is being trained, and the trained model should successfully work on an arbitrary (and possibly unseen) target domain during inference. This is a difficult problem,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Jungwuk Park , Dong-Jun Han , Soyeong Kim , Jaekyun Moon

MixUp is a data augmentation strategy where additional samples are generated during training by combining random pairs of training samples and their labels. However, selecting random pairs is not potentially an optimal choice. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Seo Yeon Park , Cornelia Caragea

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a technique used to reduce distribution gaps between the training and testing sets by leveraging unlabeled test data during inference. In this work, we expand TTA to a more practical scenario, where the test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Chenyan Wu , Yimu Pan , Yandong Li , James Z. Wang

Language models (LMs) have shown impressive performance on tasks within their training distribution, but often struggle with structurally novel tasks even when given a small number of in-context task examples. We investigate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ekin Akyürek , Mehul Damani , Adam Zweiger , Linlu Qiu , Han Guo , Jyothish Pari , Yoon Kim , Jacob Andreas

Prior work has established Test-Time Training (TTT) as a general framework to further improve a trained model at test time. Before making a prediction on each test instance, the model is first trained on the same instance using a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Renhao Wang , Yu Sun , Arnuv Tandon , Yossi Gandelsman , Xinlei Chen , Alexei A. Efros , Xiaolong Wang

Test-time training adapts to a new test distribution on the fly by optimizing a model for each test input using self-supervision. In this paper, we use masked autoencoders for this one-sample learning problem. Empirically, our simple method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Yossi Gandelsman , Yu Sun , Xinlei Chen , Alexei A. Efros

In the era of large language models, model merging is a promising way to combine multiple task-specific models into a single multitask model without extra training. However, two challenges remain: (a) interference between different models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zhenyi Lu , Chenghao Fan , Wei Wei , Xiaoye Qu , Dangyang Chen , Yu Cheng