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Ensuring the frequency stability of electric grids with increasing renewable resources is a key problem in power system operations. In recent years, a number of advanced controllers have been designed to optimize frequency control. These…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Wenqi Cui , Guanya Shi , Yuanyuan Shi , Baosen Zhang

Power systems must maintain the frequency within acceptable limits when subjected to a disturbance. To ensure this, the most significant credible disturbance in the system is normally used as a benchmark to allocate the Primary Frequency…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Alinane B. Kilembe Panagiotis N. Papadopoulos

This paper presents a novel corrective \gls{fcuc} formulation for island power systems by implementing data-driven constraint learning to estimate the optimal \gls{ufls}. The Tobit model is presented to estimate the optimal amount of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Miad Sarvarizadeh , Lukas Sigrist , Almudena Rouco , Mohammad Rajabdorri , Enrique Lobato

The short-term operation of a power system is usually planned by solving a day-ahead unit commitment problem. Due to historical reasons, the commitment of the power generating units is decided over a time horizon typically consisting of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-12 Salvador Pineda , Ricardo Fernandez-Blanco , Juan Miguel Morales

With the decrease in system inertia, frequency security becomes an issue for power systems around the world. Energy storage systems (ESS), due to their excellent ramping capabilities, are considered as a natural choice for the improvement…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-27 Yan Jiang , Eliza Cohn , Petr Vorobev , Enrique Mallada

We propose a novel computational method for unit commitment UC, which does not require linearized approximation and provides several orders of magnitude performance improvement over current state-of-the-art. The performance improvement is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Shaked Regev , Eve Tsybina , Slaven Peles

In this paper, we study unit commitment (UC) problems considering the uncertainty of load and wind power generation. UC problem is formulated as a chance-constrained two-stage stochastic programming problem where the chance constraint is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-29 Yao Zhang , Jianxue Wang , Bo Zeng , Zechun Hu

To ensure frequency security in power systems, both the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and the frequency nadir (FN) must be explicitly accounted for in real-time frequency-constrained optimal power flow (FCOPF). However, accurately…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-13 Fan Jiang , Xingpeng Li , Pascal Van Hentenryck

This paper introduces a novel approach for predicting system frequency response (SFR) and frequency nadir based on modal analysis. By decomposing the full system dynamic response, the method identifies dominant modes based on their…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Francisco Zelaya-Arrazabal , Sebastian Martinez-Lizana , Héctor Pulgar-Painemal

TThe rapid expansion of inverter-based resources, such as wind and solar power plants, will significantly diminish the presence of conventional synchronous generators in fu-ture power grids with rich renewable energy sources. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Mingjian Tuo , Xingpeng Li , Pascal Van Hentenryck

This paper introduces a novel approach for incorporating frequency dynamics into the unit commitment (UC) problem through a general-order differential equation model, solved using Bernstein polynomial approximation. Traditional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Mohammad Rajabdorri , Bo Zhou , Lukas Sigrist , Enrique Lobato

Power systems are shifted from conventional bulk generation toward renewable generation. This trend leads to the frequency security problem due to the decline of system inertia. On the other hand, natural gas-fired units are frequently…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Lun Yang , Yinliang Xu , Jianguo Zhou , Hongbin Sun

Low-order frequency response models for power systems have a decades-long history in optimization and control problems such as unit commitment, economic dispatch, and wide-area control. With a few exceptions, these models are built upon the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Marena Trujillo , Amir Sajadi , Bri-Mathias Hodge

The dynamics of power grids are governed by a large number of nonlinear differential and algebraic equations (DAEs). To safely operate the system, operators need to check that the states described by these DAEs stay within prescribed limits…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-01 Wenqi Cui , Weiwei Yang , Baosen Zhang

Low-inertia, isolated power systems face the problem of resiliency to power variations. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar photovoltaic, pushes the boundaries of this issue further. Higher shares of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-05 Erick Fernando Alves , Louis Polleux , Gilles Guerassimoff , Magnus Korpås , Elisabetta Tedeschi

Frequency estimation from measurements corrupted by noise is a fundamental challenge across numerous engineering and scientific fields. Among the pivotal factors shaping the resolution capacity of any frequency estimation technique are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Sampath Kumar Dondapati , Omkar Nitsure , Satish Mulleti

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources reduces rotating inertia and even frequency control capacity, affecting frequency stability. This challenge is significant in \gls{ips} that already suffer from low inertia and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Miad Sarvarizadeh , Mohammad Rajabdorri , Enrique Lobato , Lukas Sigrist

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has played a crucial role for long-distance transmission of renewable power generation. However, the integration of large-capacity HVDC lines introduces significant frequency security challenges…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Yiliu He , Haiwang Zhong , Grant Ruan , Yan Xu , Chongqing Kang

Transient frequency dips that follow sudden power imbalances --frequency Nadir-- represent a big challenge for frequency stability of low-inertia power systems. Since low inertia is identified as one of the causes for deep frequency Nadir,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-15 Yan Jiang , Eliza Cohn , Petr Vorobev , Enrique Mallada

Nonlinear power flow constraints render a variety of power system optimization problems computationally intractable. Emerging research shows, however, that the nonlinear AC power flow equations can be successfully modeled using Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Alyssa Kody , Samuel Chevalier , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis , Daniel Molzahn