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Vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled strong zero-shot classification through image-text alignment. Yet, their purely visual inference capabilities remain under-explored. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Illia Volkov , Nikita Kisel , Klara Janouskova , Jiri Matas

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been applied to a wide range of reasoning tasks, yet it remains unclear whether they can reason robustly under distribution shifts. In this paper, we study covariate shifts in which the perceptual input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Weixin Chen , Antonio Vergari , Han Zhao

Visual imagery does not consist of solitary objects, but instead reflects the composition of a multitude of fluid concepts. While there have been great advances in visual representation learning, such advances have focused on building…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Austin Stone , Hagen Soltau , Robert Geirhos , Xi Yi , Ye Xia , Bingyi Cao , Kaifeng Chen , Abhijit Ogale , Jonathon Shlens

Evaluations of image compression performance which include human preferences have generally found that naive distortion functions such as MSE are insufficiently aligned to human perception. In order to align compression models to human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Kyle Sargent , Ruiqi Gao , Philipp Henzler , Charles Herrmann , Aleksander Holynski , Li Fei-Fei , Jiajun Wu , Jason Zhang

Image captioning is a research area of immense importance, aiming to generate natural language descriptions for visual content in the form of still images. The advent of deep learning and more recently vision-language pre-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Taraneh Ghandi , Hamidreza Pourreza , Hamidreza Mahyar

Multimodal Vision Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a transformative topic at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, enabling machines to perceive and reason about the world through both visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zongxia Li , Xiyang Wu , Hongyang Du , Fuxiao Liu , Huy Nghiem , Guangyao Shi

We introduce CEMTM, a context-enhanced multimodal topic model designed to infer coherent and interpretable topic structures from both short and long documents containing text and images. CEMTM builds on fine-tuned large vision language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Amirhossein Abaskohi , Raymond Li , Chuyuan Li , Shafiq Joty , Giuseppe Carenini

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Vision-Language models (VLMs) show impressive abilities to answer questions on visual inputs (e.g., counting objects in an image), yet demonstrate higher accuracies when performing an analogous task on text (e.g., counting words in a text).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yaniv Nikankin , Dana Arad , Yossi Gandelsman , Yonatan Belinkov

Recent large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating textual descriptions for visual content. However, these models lack an understanding of user-specific concepts. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yuval Alaluf , Elad Richardson , Sergey Tulyakov , Kfir Aberman , Daniel Cohen-Or

We address the problem of jointly learning vision and language to understand the object in a fine-grained manner. The key idea of our approach is the use of object descriptions to provide the detailed understanding of an object. Based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Anh Nguyen , Thanh-Toan Do , Ian Reid , Darwin G. Caldwell , Nikos G. Tsagarakis

Vision-Language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on multimodal tasks but often fail at systematic visual reasoning tasks, leading to inconsistent or illogical outputs. Neuro-symbolic methods promise to address this by inducing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Antonia Wüst , Wolfgang Stammer , Hikaru Shindo , Lukas Helff , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Vision-language models (VLMs) mainly rely on contrastive training to learn general-purpose representations of images and captions. We focus on the situation when one image is associated with several captions, each caption containing both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Maurits Bleeker , Mariya Hendriksen , Andrew Yates , Maarten de Rijke

Vision language models (VLMs) are AI systems paired with both language and vision encoders to process multimodal input. They are capable of performing complex semantic tasks such as automatic captioning, but it remains an open question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Tyler Tran , Sangeet Khemlani , J. G. Trafton

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated their broad effectiveness thanks to extensive training in aligning visual instructions to responses. However, such training of conclusive alignment leads models to ignore essential visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ji Qi , Ming Ding , Weihan Wang , Yushi Bai , Qingsong Lv , Wenyi Hong , Bin Xu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly being regarded as foundation models that can be instructed to solve diverse tasks by prompting, without task-specific training. We examine the seemingly obvious question: how to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Niccolo Avogaro , Thomas Frick , Mattia Rigotti , Andrea Bartezzaghi , Filip Janicki , Cristiano Malossi , Konrad Schindler , Roy Assaf

Word representation is a fundamental component in neural language understanding models. Recently, pre-trained language models (PrLMs) offer a new performant method of contextualized word representations by leveraging the sequence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Zhuosheng Zhang , Haojie Yu , Hai Zhao , Rui Wang , Masao Utiyama

Visual reasoning is dominated by end-to-end neural networks scaled to billions of model parameters and training examples. However, even the largest models struggle with compositional reasoning, generalization, fine-grained spatial and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Aleksandar Stanić , Sergi Caelles , Michael Tschannen

Research on Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) towards the multi-image cross-modal instruction has received increasing attention and made significant progress, particularly in scenarios involving closely resembling images (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Tao Wu , Mengze Li , Jingyuan Chen , Wei Ji , Wang Lin , Jinyang Gao , Kun Kuang , Zhou Zhao , Fei Wu

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is the task of answering a question about an image and requires processing multimodal input and reasoning to obtain the answer. Modular solutions that use declarative representations within the reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Thomas Eiter , Jan Hadl , Nelson Higuera , Johannes Oetsch