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Short text clustering is a known use case in the text analytics community. When the structure and content falls in the natural language domain e.g. Twitter posts or instant messages, then natural language techniques can be used, provided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Thanasis Schoinas , Benjamin Guinard , Diba Esbati , Richard Chalk

Human evaluation serves as the gold standard for assessing the quality of Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems. Nevertheless, the evaluation guideline, as a pivotal element ensuring reliable and reproducible human assessment, has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jie Ruan , Wenqing Wang , Xiaojun Wan

Several code summarization techniques have been proposed in the literature to automatically document a code snippet or a function. Ideally, software developers should be involved in assessing the quality of the generated summaries. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Antonio Mastropaolo , Matteo Ciniselli , Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota

Canonical automatic summary evaluation metrics, such as ROUGE, focus on lexical similarity which cannot well capture semantics nor linguistic quality and require a reference summary which is costly to obtain. Recently, there have been a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Forrest Sheng Bao , Hebi Li , Ge Luo , Minghui Qiu , Yinfei Yang , Youbiao He , Cen Chen

While the NLP community has produced numerous summarization benchmarks, none provide the rich annotations required to simultaneously address many important problems related to control and reliability. We introduce a Wikipedia-derived…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Kundan Krishna , Prakhar Gupta , Sanjana Ramprasad , Byron C. Wallace , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Zachary C. Lipton

The escalating frequency of cyber-attacks poses significant challenges for organisations, particularly small enterprises constrained by limited in-house expertise, insufficient knowledge, and financial resources. This research presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Emad Sherif , Iryna Yevseyeva , Vitor Basto-Fernandes , Allan Cook

Complex data pipelines are increasingly common in diverse applications such as BI reporting and ML modeling. These pipelines often recur regularly (e.g., daily or weekly), as BI reports need to be refreshed, and ML models need to be…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Jie Song , Yeye He

Software projects are dependent on many third-party libraries, therefore high-risk vulnerabilities can propagate through the dependency chain to downstream projects. Owing to the subjective nature of patch management, software vendors…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Mei Han , Lulu Wang , Jianming Chang , Bixin Li , Chunguang Zhang

Scripting languages are continuously gaining popularity due to their ease of use and the flourishing software ecosystems that surround them. These languages offer crash and memory safety by design, thus, developers do not need to understand…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Cristian-Alexandru Staicu , Sazzadur Rahaman , Ágnes Kiss , Michael Backes

Package managers have become a vital part of the modern software development process. They allow developers to reuse third-party code, share their own code, minimize their codebase, and simplify the build process. However, recent reports…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Ruian Duan , Omar Alrawi , Ranjita Pai Kasturi , Ryan Elder , Brendan Saltaformaggio , Wenke Lee

Summarization of legal judgments poses a heavy cognitive burden on law practitioners due to the complexity of the language, context-sensitive legal jargon, and the length of the document. Therefore, the automatic summarization of legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Purnima Bindal , Vikas Kumar , Sagar Rathore , Vasudha Bhatnagar

The Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) is a prominent list of software weakness types. This list is used by vulnerability databases to describe the underlying security flaws within analyzed vulnerabilities. This linkage opens the possibility…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Peter Mell , Assane Gueye

In cybersecurity, security analysts constantly face the challenge of mitigating newly discovered vulnerabilities in real-time, with over 300,000 vulnerabilities identified since 1999. The sheer volume of known vulnerabilities complicates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Reza Fayyazi , Stella Hoyos Trueba , Michael Zuzak , Shanchieh Jay Yang

Many users and contributors of large open-source projects report software defects or enhancement requests (known as bug reports) to the issue-tracking systems. However, they sometimes report issues that have already been reported. First,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Clare E. Laney , Andrew Barovic , Armin Moin

Software development relies on code reuse to minimize costs, creating vulnerability risks through dependencies with substantial economic impact, as seen in the Crowdstrike and HeartBleed incidents. We analyze 52,897 dependencies across…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-02 Cornelius Fritz , Co-Pierre Georg , Angelo Mele , Michael Schweinberger

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) summarization involves generating concise and accurate highlights from web intelligence data, which is critical for providing decision-makers with actionable insights to swiftly detect and respond to cyber…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Wei Peng , Junmei Ding , Wei Wang , Lei Cui , Wei Cai , Zhiyu Hao , Xiaochun Yun

Understanding the relations between entities denoted by NPs in a text is a critical part of human-like natural language understanding. However, only a fraction of such relations is covered by standard NLP tasks and benchmarks nowadays. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Yanai Elazar , Victoria Basmov , Yoav Goldberg , Reut Tsarfaty

In the highly interconnected digital landscape of today, safeguarding complex infrastructures against cyber threats has become increasingly challenging due to the exponential growth in the number and complexity of vulnerabilities. Resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuning Jiang , Nay Oo , Qiaoran Meng , Hoon Wei Lim , Biplab Sikdar

This paper addresses a critical challenge in cybersecurity: the gap between vulnerability information represented by Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and the resulting cyberattack actions. CVEs provide insights into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Ehsan Aghaei , Ehab Al-Shaer

In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), the code summarization technique boosts a lot, along with the emergence of many new significant works. However, the potential of code summarization in the Computer Security Area still remains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Yifan Huang , Weisong Sun , Yubin Qu