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Finding Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum continuous games is a central problem in machine learning, e.g. for training both GANs and robust models. The existence of pure Nash equilibria requires strong conditions which are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Samy Jelassi , Arthur Mensch , Grant Rotskoff , Joan Bruna

One could observe drastically different dynamics of zero-sum and non-zero-sum games under replicator equations. In zero-sum games, heteroclinic cycles naturally occur whenever the species of the population supersede each other in a cyclic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-08-03 Mansoor Saburov

Although learning has found wide application in multi-agent systems, its effects on the temporal evolution of a system are far from understood. This paper focuses on the dynamics of Q-learning in large-scale multi-agent systems modeled as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Shuyue Hu , Chin-Wing Leung , Ho-fung Leung , Harold Soh

A growing number of machine learning architectures, such as Generative Adversarial Networks, rely on the design of games which implement a desired functionality via a Nash equilibrium. In practice these games have an implicit complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Gabriel P. Andrade , Rafael Frongillo , Georgios Piliouras

This study focuses on open quasispecies systems with competition and death flow, described by modified Eigen and Crow-Kimura models. We examine the evolutionary adaptation process as a reaction to changes in rates. One of the fundamental…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-01 Igor Samokhin , Tatiana Yakushkina , Dmitry Markin , Alexander S. Bratus

Evolutionary game theory is a successful mathematical framework geared towards understanding the selective pressures that affect the evolution of the strategies of agents engaged in interactions with potential conflicts. While a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-09-01 Christoph Adami , Jory Schossau , Arend Hintze

Many socio-economic and biological processes can be modeled as systems of interacting individuals. The behaviour of such systems can be often described within game-theoretic models. In these lecture notes, we introduce fundamental concepts…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-05-30 Jacek Miekisz

Biological evolution can be conceptualized as a search process in the space of gene sequences guided by the fitness landscape, a mapping that assigns a measure of reproductive value to each genotype. Here we discuss probabilistic models of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-10 Joachim Krug , Daniel Oros

Except for special classes of games, there is no systematic framework for analyzing the dynamical properties of multi-agent strategic interactions. Potential games are one such special but restrictive class of games that allow for tractable…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Ozan Candogan , Asuman Ozdaglar , Pablo A. Parrilo

Various social contexts ranging from public goods provision to information collection can be depicted as games of strategic interactions, where a player's well-being depends on her own action as well as on the actions taken by her…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-01 Giulio Cimini , Claudio Castellano , Angel Sánchez

This report presents some fundamental mathematical results towards elucidating the information-geometric underpinnings of evolutionary modelling schemes for (quasi-)stationary discrete stochastic processes. The model class under…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-07-26 Leonardo Aguirre

We extend classical evolutionary game dynamics based on the momentary action choices of agents by accounting for two elements: forward-looking behavior and exploration cost. We focus on pairwise comparison protocols that cover major…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Hidekazu Yoshioka

We study first order evolutive Mean Field Games whose operators are non-coercive. This situation occurs, for instance, when some directions are `forbidden' to the generic player at some points. Under some regularity assumptions, we…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-03-14 Paola Mannucci , Claudio Marchi , Carlo Mariconda , Nicoletta Tchou

Optimizing functions without access to gradients is the remit of black-box methods such as evolution strategies. While highly general, their learning dynamics are often times heuristic and inflexible - exactly the limitations that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Robert Tjarko Lange , Tom Schaul , Yutian Chen , Tom Zahavy , Valentin Dallibard , Chris Lu , Satinder Singh , Sebastian Flennerhag

Multiplayer games on graphs are at the heart of theoretical descriptions of key evolutionary processes that govern vital social and natural systems. However, a comprehensive theoretical framework for solving multiplayer games with an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Chaoqian Wang , Matjaž Perc , Attila Szolnoki

The best-response dynamics is an example of an evolutionary game where players update their strategy in order to maximize their payoff. The main objective of this paper is to study a stochastic spatial version of this game based on the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-07-28 Stephen Evilsizor , Nicolas Lanchier

Policy gradient and actor-critic algorithms form the basis of many commonly used training techniques in deep reinforcement learning. Using these algorithms in multiagent environments poses problems such as nonstationarity and instability.…

In this paper we model the loss function of high-dimensional optimization problems by a Gaussian random field, or equivalently a Gaussian process. Our aim is to study gradient descent in such loss functions or energy landscapes and compare…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-28 Mariano Chouza , Stephen Roberts , Stefan Zohren

Evolutionary Strategies (ES) are known to be an effective black-box optimization technique for deep neural networks when the true gradients cannot be computed, such as in Reinforcement Learning. We continue a recent line of research that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Florian Meier , Asier Mujika , Marcelo Matheus Gauy , Angelika Steger

In the evolving digital landscape, it is crucial to study the dynamics of cyberattacks and defences. This study uses an Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) framework to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of attacks and defences in cyberspace.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Adeela Bashir , Zia Ush Shamszaman , Zhao Song , The Anh Han