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Causal inference often hinges on strong assumptions - such as no unmeasured confounding or perfect compliance - that are rarely satisfied in practice. Partial identification offers a principled alternative: instead of relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Tobias Maringgele

We discuss the relation between singularities of correlation functions and causal properties of the bulk spacetime in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In particular, we argue that the boundary field theory correlation functions…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-10-27 Veronika E Hubeny , Hong Liu , Mukund Rangamani

In this Letter we prove a simple theorem in quantum information theory, which implies that bulk operators in the Anti-de Sitter / Conformal Field Theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence can be reconstructed as CFT operators in a spatial subregion…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-14 Xi Dong , Daniel Harlow , Aron C. Wall

In this note we discuss the relation between the constraints imposed by causality in the bulk of $AdS$ and the condition of positivity of the energy measured in ideal calorimeters in a collider experiment in the dual CFT. We first extend…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-02 Diego M. Hofman

Coordinated inference problems are being introduced as a basis for a neural network representation of the locality problem in the holographic bulk. It is argued that a type of problem originating in the "prisoners and hats" dilemma involves…

General Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Andrei T. Patrascu

Causality is pivotal to our understanding of the world, presenting itself in different forms: information-theoretic and relativistic, the former linked to the flow of information, the latter to the structure of space-time. Leveraging a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-13 Maarten Grothus , V. Vilasini

From the modern perspective of causal inference, Bell's theorem -- a fundamental signature of quantum theory -- is a particular case where quantum correlations are incompatible with the classical theory of causality, and the generalization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Pedro Lauand , Bereket Ngussie Bekele , Elie Wolfe

Critical systems are described by conformal field theories, whose dynamics can be exactly solved in two dimensions. In the presence of a boundary, with the so-called method of images it is possible to study the surface critical behaviour of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Valentina Riva

We propose a family of exactly solvable toy models for the AdS/CFT correspondence based on a novel construction of quantum error-correcting codes with a tensor network structure. Our building block is a special type of tensor with maximal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-07-23 Fernando Pastawski , Beni Yoshida , Daniel Harlow , John Preskill

We give a mathematical framework to describe the evolution of an open quantum systems subjected to finitely many interactions with classical apparatuses. The systems in question may be composed of distinct, spatially separated subsystems…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Blute , I. T. Ivanov , P. Panangaden

The unique and often-weird properties of quantum mechanics allow an information carrier to propagate through multiple trajectories of quantum channels simultaneously. This ultimately leads us to quantum trajectories with an indefinite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Daryus Chandra , Marcello Caleffi , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti

Squashed entanglement and its universal upper bound, the quantum conditional mutual information, are faithful measures of bipartite quantum correlations defined in terms of multipartitions. As such, they are sensitive to the fine-grain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Alfonso Maiellaro , Francesco Romeo , Roberta Citro , Fabrizio Illuminati

This paper studies a recently proposed relation between the emergence of bulk locality in AdS/CFT and the theory of quantum error correction. We show that if this relation is indeed realized in AdS/CFT, then bulk covariance is broken in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-16 Slava Emelyanov

Locality of bulk operators in AdS imposes stringent constraints on their description in terms of the boundary CFT. These constraints are encoded as sum rules on the bulk-to-boundary expansion coefficients. In this paper, we construct…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-17 Nat Levine , Miguel F. Paulos

It is well-known that if one assumes quantum theory to hold locally, then processes with indefinite causal order and cyclic causal structures become feasible. Here, we study qualitative limitations on causal structures and correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Eleftherios-Ermis Tselentis , Ämin Baumeler

We examine the bulk reconstruction in the AdS/CFT correspondence. We demonstrate that the subregion duality fails to hold, highlighting discrepancies between operators in causal wedge reconstruction and those in global reconstruction at the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-23 Sotaro Sugishita , Seiji Terashima

A recently explored interesting quantity in AdS/CFT, dubbed 'residual entropy', characterizes the amount of collective ignorance associated with either boundary observers restricted to finite time duration, or bulk observers who lack access…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Veronika E. Hubeny

We give a pedagogical review of how concepts from quantum information theory build up the gravitational side of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The review is self-contained in that it only presupposes knowledge of quantum mechanics and general…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-07-20 Bowen Chen , Bartlomiej Czech , Zi-zhi Wang

Causal holographic information [1] is a variant of the Ryu-Takayanagi proposal for the entanglement entropy of a spatial region in the context of AdS/CFT, but with the bulk surface defined by causality rather than extremality. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-18 Ben Freivogel , Benjamin Mosk

We explore the description of bulk causal structure in a dual field theory. We observe that in the spacetime dual to a spacelike non-commutative field theory, the causal structure in the boundary directions is modified asymptotically. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Veronika E. Hubeny , Mukund Rangamani , Simon F. Ross