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Using the intuition that out-of-distribution data have lower likelihoods, a common approach for out-of-distribution detection involves estimating the underlying data distribution. Normalizing flows are likelihood-based generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavi , Mohammad Mahdi Mehmanchi , Reshad Hosseini , Mostafa Tavassolipour

Normalizing flows are a powerful tool to create flexible probability distributions with a wide range of potential applications in cosmology. Here we are studying normalizing flows which represent cosmological observables at field level,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-26 Adam Rouhiainen , Utkarsh Giri , Moritz Münchmeyer

Discrete normalizing flows are promising generative models with advantages such as analytical log-likelihood computation and end-to-end training. However, the architectural constraints to ensure invertibility and tractable Jacobian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jiaru Zhang , Juanwu Lu , Xiaoyu Wu , Ziran Wang , Ruqi Zhang

Diffusion and flow matching models generate high-fidelity data by simulating paths defined by Ordinary or Stochastic Differential Equations (ODEs/SDEs), starting from a tractable prior distribution. The probability flow ODE formulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Liangyu Yuan , Ruoyu Wang , Tong Zhao , Dingwen Fu , Mingkun Lei , Beier Zhu , Chi Zhang

We present a novel technique for amortized posterior estimation using Normalizing Flows trained with likelihood-weighted importance sampling. This approach allows for the efficient inference of theoretical parameters in high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Rajneil Baruah

Flow Matching, a promising approach in generative modeling, has recently gained popularity. Relying on ordinary differential equations, it offers a simple and flexible alternative to diffusion models, which are currently the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Lea Kunkel

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are universal density estimators based on Neural Networks. However, this universality is limited: the density's support needs to be diffeomorphic to a Euclidean space. In this paper, we propose a novel method to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Christian Horvat , Jean-Pascal Pfister

Particle flow (PFL) is an effective method for overcoming particle degeneracy, the main limitation of particle filtering. In PFL, particles are migrated towards regions of high likelihood based on the solution of a partial differential…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-16 Wenyu Zhang , Mohammad J. Khojasteh , Nikolay A. Atanasov , Florian Meyer

Normalizing flows are deep generative models that enable efficient likelihood estimation and sampling through invertible transformations. A key challenge is to design linear layers that enhance expressiveness while maintaining efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xuchen Feng , Siyu Liao

For many applications, such as computing the expected value of different magnitudes, sampling from a known probability density function, the target density, is crucial but challenging through the inverse transform. In these cases, rejection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Sebastian Pina-Otey , Thorsten Lux , Federico Sánchez , Vicens Gaitan

The stochastic interpolant framework offers a powerful approach for constructing generative models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) or stochastic differential equations (SDEs) to transform arbitrary data distributions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yuhao Liu , Yu Chen , Rui Hu , Longbo Huang

Efficient gradient computation of the Jacobian determinant term is a core problem in many machine learning settings, and especially so in the normalizing flow framework. Most proposed flow models therefore either restrict to a function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 T. Anderson Keller , Jorn W. T. Peters , Priyank Jaini , Emiel Hoogeboom , Patrick Forré , Max Welling

Straightening the probability flow of the continuous-time generative models, such as diffusion models or flow-based models, is the key to fast sampling through the numerical solvers, existing methods learn a linear path by directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Jongmin Yoon , Juho Lee

Estimating density ratios between pairs of intractable data distributions is a core problem in probabilistic modeling, enabling principled comparisons of sample likelihoods under different data-generating processes across conditions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Egor Antipov , Alessandro Palma , Lorenzo Consoli , Stephan Günnemann , Andrea Dittadi , Fabian J. Theis

In recent years, various flow-based generative models have been proposed to generate high-fidelity waveforms in real-time. However, these models require either a well-trained teacher network or a number of flow steps making them…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Hyeongju Kim , Hyeonseung Lee , Woo Hyun Kang , Sung Jun Cheon , Byoung Jin Choi , Nam Soo Kim

Modern generative models can be understood as probability transport from a simple base distribution to a target data distribution. Deterministic transport models offer tractable velocity-field parameterizations, whereas stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xingyu Song , Yuan Mei , Naoya Takeishi

Video frame interpolation is the task of creating an interframe between two adjacent frames along the time axis. So, instead of simply averaging two adjacent frames to create an intermediate image, this operation should maintain semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Saem Park , Donghoon Han , Nojun Kwak

Motivated by the computational difficulties incurred by popular deep learning algorithms for the generative modeling of temporal densities, we propose a cheap alternative which requires minimal hyperparameter tuning and scales favorably to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-13 Jonah Botvinick-Greenhouse , Yunan Yang , Romit Maulik

Diffusion bridge models have demonstrated promising performance in conditional image generation tasks, such as image restoration and translation, by initializing the generative process from corrupted images instead of pure Gaussian noise.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yuang Wang , Pengfei Jin , Li Zhang , Quanzheng Li , Zhiqiang Chen , Dufan Wu

Modeling transformations between arbitrary data distributions is a fundamental scientific challenge, arising in applications like drug discovery and evolutionary simulation. While flow matching offers a natural framework for this task, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shiye Su , Yuhui Zhang , Linqi Zhou , Rajesh Ranganath , Serena Yeung-Levy