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In this work, we study the causality of near-wall inner and outer turbulent motions. The inner motions are defined as the self-sustained near-wall cycle, and the outer motions as those living in the logarithmic layer exhibiting footprints…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-20 Jingxuan Zhang , Zhengping Zhu , Limin Wang , Ruifeng Hu

This research focuses on the identification and causality analysis of coherent structures that arise in turbulent flows in square and rectangular ducts. Coherent structures are first identified from direct numerical simulation data via…

The causal relevance of local flow conditions in wall-bounded turbulence is analysed using ensembles of interventional experiments in which the effect of perturbing the flow within a small cell is monitored at some future time. When this is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-13 Kosuke Osawa , Javier Jimenez

Inference of causality is central in nonlinear time series analysis and science in general. A popular approach to infer causality between two processes is to measure the information flow between them in terms of transfer entropy. Using…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-04-16 Jie Sun , Erik M. Bollt

Turbulent flows in the presence of walls may be apprehended as a collection of momentum- and energy-containing eddies (energy-eddies), whose sizes differ by many orders of magnitude. These eddies follow a self-sustaining cycle, i.e.,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-10-26 Adrián Lozano-Durán , H. Jane Bae , Miguel P. Encinar

'Causal' direction is of great importance when dealing with complex systems. Often big volumes of data in the form of time series are available and it is important to develop methods that can inform about possible causal connections between…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-01-24 Fatimah Abdul Razak , Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen

We suggest a new focus for turbulence studies -- multi-mode correlations -- which reveal the hitherto hidden nature of turbulent state. We apply this approach to shell models describing basic properties of turbulence. The family of such…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2023-08-08 Gregory Falkovich , Yotam Kadish , Natalia Vladimirova

Studying and interpreting the different flow patterns present in urban areas is becoming essential since they help develop new approaches to fight climate change through an improved understanding of the dynamics of the pollutants in urban…

We introduce an information-theoretic method for quantifying causality in chaotic systems. The approach, referred to as IT-causality, quantifies causality by measuring the information gained about future events conditioned on the knowledge…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-11-01 Adrián Lozano-Durán , Gonzalo Arranz , Yuenong Ling

We present new experimental results on the development of turbulent spots in channel flow. The internal structure of a turbulent spot is measured, with Time Resolved Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry. We report the observation of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-11-20 Grégoire Lemoult , Konrad Gumowski , Jean-Luc Aider , José Eduardo Wesfreid

The separating and reattaching turbulent flow past a rectangular cylinder is studied to describe how small and large scales contribute to the sustaining mechanism of the velocity fluctuations. The work is based on the Anisotropic…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-08-24 Alessandro Chiarini , Davide Gatti , Andrea Cimarelli , Maurizio Quadrio

Causality plays a central role in understanding interactions between variables in complex systems. These systems often exhibit state-dependent causal relationships, where both the strength and direction of causality vary with the value of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-08-05 Álvaro Martínez-Sánchez , Adrián Lozano-Durán

In this study, we address causal inference when only observational data and a valid causal ordering from the causal graph are available. We introduce a set of flow models that can recover component-wise, invertible transformation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Minh Khoa Le , Kien Do , Truyen Tran

Causal structures give us a way to understand the origin of observed correlations. These were developed for classical scenarios, but quantum mechanical experiments necessitate their generalisation. Here we study causal structures in a broad…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-30 Mirjam Weilenmann , Roger Colbeck

Self-similarity of wall-attached coherent structures in a turbulent channel at $Re_\tau=543$ is explored by means of resolvent analysis. In this modelling framework, coherent structures are understood to arise as a response of the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-04-04 U. Karban , E. Martini , A. V. G. Cavalieri , L. Lesshafft , P. Jordan

In classical information theory, a causal relationship between two variables is typically modelled by assuming that, for every possible state of one of the variables, there exists a particular distribution of states of the second variable.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Joel R. Peck , David Waxman

The extraction of spatio-temporal coherence in high-dimensional, chaotic, non-linear dynamical systems, such as turbulent flows, remains a fundamental challenge in physics, mathematics and engineering. In this work, we employ Shannon…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-03 Daniele Massaro , Saleh Rezaeiravesh , Philipp Schlatter

Causal models capture cause-effect relations both qualitatively - via the graphical causal structure - and quantitatively - via the model parameters. They offer a powerful framework for analyzing and constructing processes. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Ämin Baumeler , Stefan Wolf

An improved understanding of how vortices develop and propagate under pulsatile flow can shed important light on the mixing and transport processes including the transition to turbulent regime occurring in such systems. For example, the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-12-13 Nicasio Barrere , Javier Brum , Alexandre L'Her , Gustavo L. Sarasúa , Cecilia Cabeza

Flow patterns of causal significance to three-dimensional isotropic turbulence are identified through the recently introduced algorithm of Jim\'enez (2018). Localised perturbations are introduced at arbitrary regions of a triple-periodic…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-07-05 Miguel P. Encinar , Javier Jiménez
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