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The variational autoencoder (VAE) typically employs a standard normal prior as a regularizer for the probabilistic latent encoder. However, the Gaussian tail often decays too quickly to effectively accommodate the encoded points, failing to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-05 Juno Kim , Jaehyuk Kwon , Mincheol Cho , Hyunjong Lee , Joong-Ho Won

Neural samplers such as variational autoencoders (VAEs) or generative adversarial networks (GANs) approximate distributions by transforming samples from a simple random source---the latent space---to samples from a more complex distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-09 Nutan Chen , Alexej Klushyn , Richard Kurle , Xueyan Jiang , Justin Bayer , Patrick van der Smagt

The vector quantization is a widely used method to map continuous representation to discrete space and has important application in tokenization for generative mode, bottlenecking information and many other tasks in machine learning. Vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Mingyuan Yan , Jiawei Wu , Rushi Shah , Dianbo Liu

The variational auto-encoder (VAE) is a popular method for learning a generative model and embeddings of the data. Many real datasets are hierarchically structured. However, traditional VAEs map data in a Euclidean latent space which cannot…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-27 Emile Mathieu , Charline Le Lan , Chris J. Maddison , Ryota Tomioka , Yee Whye Teh

Recent successes in image generation, model-based reinforcement learning, and text-to-image generation have demonstrated the empirical advantages of discrete latent representations, although the reasons behind their benefits remain unclear.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 David Friede , Christian Reimers , Heiner Stuckenschmidt , Mathias Niepert

We develop data-driven methods incorporating geometric and topological information to learn parsimonious representations of nonlinear dynamics from observations. The approaches learn nonlinear state-space models of the dynamics for general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Ryan Lopez , Paul J. Atzberger

A fundamental limitation of probabilistic deep learning is its predominant reliance on Gaussian priors. This simplistic assumption prevents models from accurately capturing the complex, non-Gaussian landscapes of natural data, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Feng-ao Wang , Shaobo Chen , Yao Xuan , Junwei Liu , Qi Gao , Hongdong Zhu , Junjie Hou , Lixin Yuan , Jinyu Cheng , Chenxin Yi , Hai Wei , Yin Ma , Tao Xu , Kai Wen , Yixue Li

This tutorial focuses on the fundamental architectures of Variational Autoencoders (VAE) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), disregarding their numerous variations, to highlight their core principles. Both VAE and GAN utilize simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yuan-Hao Wei

Conformational sampling of biomolecules using molecular dynamics simulations often produces large amount of high dimensional data that makes it difficult to interpret using conventional analysis techniques. Dimensionality reduction methods…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-08 Mahdi Ghorbani , Samarjeet Prasad , Jeffery B. Klauda , Bernard R. Brooks

Popular (ensemble) Kalman filter data assimilation (DA) approaches assume that the errors in both the a priori estimate of the state and those in the observations are Gaussian. For constrained variables, e.g. sea ice concentration or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Ivo Pasmans , Yumeng Chen , Tobias Sebastian Finn , Marc Bocquet , Alberto Carrassi

Disentangled learning representations have promising utility in many applications, but they currently suffer from serious reliability issues. We present Gaussian Channel Autoencoder (GCAE), a method which achieves reliable disentanglement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Eric Yeats , Frank Liu , Hai Li

As a widely recognized approach to deep generative modeling, Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) still face challenges with the quality of generated images, often presenting noticeable blurriness. This issue stems from the unrealistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Georgios Batzolis , Jan Stanczuk , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

We propose an algorithm, guided variational autoencoder (Guided-VAE), that is able to learn a controllable generative model by performing latent representation disentanglement learning. The learning objective is achieved by providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Zheng Ding , Yifan Xu , Weijian Xu , Gaurav Parmar , Yang Yang , Max Welling , Zhuowen Tu

A variational autoencoder (VAE) derived from Tsallis statistics called q-VAE is proposed. In the proposed method, a standard VAE is employed to statistically extract latent space hidden in sampled data, and this latent space helps make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Taisuke Kobayashi

The generation of discontinuous distributions is a difficult task for most known frameworks such as generative autoencoders and generative adversarial networks. Generative non-invertible models are unable to accurately generate such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Mariia Drozdova , Vitaliy Kinakh , Guillaume Quétant , Tobias Golling , Slava Voloshynovskiy

Variational autoencoders (VAE) represent a popular, flexible form of deep generative model that can be stochastically fit to samples from a given random process using an information-theoretic variational bound on the true underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Bin Dai , Yu Wang , John Aston , Gang Hua , David Wipf

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are well-established as a principled approach to probabilistic unsupervised learning with neural networks. Typically, an encoder network defines the parameters of a Gaussian distributed latent space from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Alan Jeffares , Liyuan Liu

Deep generative models are commonly used for generating images and text. Interpretability of these models is one important pursuit, other than the generation quality. Variational auto-encoder (VAE) with Gaussian distribution as prior has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Wenxian Shi , Hao Zhou , Ning Miao , Lei Li

The manifold hypothesis states that many kinds of high-dimensional data are concentrated near a low-dimensional manifold. If the topology of this data manifold is non-trivial, a continuous encoder network cannot embed it in a one-to-one…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-13 Luca Falorsi , Pim de Haan , Tim R. Davidson , Nicola De Cao , Maurice Weiler , Patrick Forré , Taco S. Cohen

Recently, deep generative models have become increasingly popular in unsupervised anomaly detection. However, deep generative models aim at recovering the data distribution rather than detecting anomalies. Besides, deep generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Xuhong Wang , Ying Du , Shijie Lin , Ping Cui , Yuntian Shen , Yupu Yang