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Current large vision-language models (LVLMs) typically rely on text-only reasoning based on a single-pass visual encoding, which often leads to loss of fine-grained visual information. Recently the proposal of ''thinking with images''…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Junfei Wu , Jian Guan , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang , Wei Wu , Tieniu Tan

Humans can effortlessly describe what they see, yet establishing a shared representational format between vision and language remains a significant challenge. Emerging evidence suggests that human brain representations in both vision and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-30 Katerina Marie Simkova , Adrien Doerig , Clayton Hickey , Ian Charest

Computer vision has benefited from initializing multiple deep layers with weights pretrained on large supervised training sets like ImageNet. Natural language processing (NLP) typically sees initialization of only the lowest layer of deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Bryan McCann , James Bradbury , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Image classification is one of the most fundamental capabilities of machine vision intelligence. In this work, we revisit the image classification task using visually-grounded language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4V and LLaVA. We find that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yuhui Zhang , Alyssa Unell , Xiaohan Wang , Dhruba Ghosh , Yuchang Su , Ludwig Schmidt , Serena Yeung-Levy

The field of advanced text-to-image generation is witnessing the emergence of unified frameworks that integrate powerful text encoders, such as CLIP and T5, with Diffusion Transformer backbones. Although there have been efforts to control…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Liang Chen , Shuai Bai , Wenhao Chai , Weichu Xie , Haozhe Zhao , Leon Vinci , Junyang Lin , Baobao Chang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Pre-training has been a useful method for learning implicit transferable knowledge and it shows the benefit of offering complementary features across different modalities. Recent work mainly focuses on the modalities such as image and text,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Ziqi Zhang , Yile Wang , Yue Zhang , Donglin Wang

While image-text representation learning has become very popular in recent years, existing models tend to lack spatial awareness and have limited direct applicability for dense understanding tasks. For this reason, self-supervised…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a variety of real-world tasks. However, existing VLMs typically process visual information by serializing images, a method that diverges significantly from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yueyan Li , Chenggong Zhao , Zeyuan Zang , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang

Neural language models are black-boxes--both linguistic patterns and factual knowledge are distributed across billions of opaque parameters. This entangled encoding makes it difficult to reliably inspect, verify, or update specific facts.…

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a variety of benchmarks have been introduced to evaluate their capabilities. While most evaluations have focused on complex tasks such as scientific comprehension and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Huan Liu , Lingyu Xiao , Jiangjiang Liu , Xiaofan Li , Ze Feng , Sen Yang , Jingdong Wang

The Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have activated the capabilitiesof Large Language Models (LLMs) in solving visual-language tasks by integratingvisual information. The prevailing approach in existing MLLMs involvesemploying an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Tianxiang Wu , Minxin Nie , Ziqiang Cao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of vision-language tasks, yet their internal processing dynamics remain underexplored. In this work, we introduce a probing framework to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zhuoran Yu , Yong Jae Lee

We present evidence that language models (LMs) of code can learn to represent the formal semantics of programs, despite being trained only to perform next-token prediction. Specifically, we train a Transformer model on a synthetic corpus of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Charles Jin , Martin Rinard

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly, but their ability to capture spatial relationships remains a blindspot. Current VLMs are typically built with contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) style image encoders. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Nahid Alam , Leema Krishna Murali , Siddhant Bharadwaj , Patrick Liu , Timothy Chung , Drishti Sharma , Akshata A , Kranthi Kiran , Wesley Tam , Bala Krishna S Vegesna

Human bilinguals often use similar brain regions to process multiple languages, depending on when they learned their second language and their proficiency. In large language models (LLMs), how are multiple languages learned and encoded? In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jannik Brinkmann , Chris Wendler , Christian Bartelt , Aaron Mueller

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal extensions (MLLMs) have substantially enhanced machine reasoning across diverse tasks. However, these models predominantly rely on pure text as the medium for both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yi Xu , Chengzu Li , Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Caiqi Zhang , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

Aligning visual features with language embeddings is a key challenge in vision-language models (VLMs). The performance of such models hinges on having a good connector that maps visual features generated by a vision encoder to a shared…

While advancements in Vision Language Models (VLMs) have significantly improved the alignment of visual and textual data, these models primarily focus on aligning images with short descriptive captions. This focus limits their ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Young Kyun Jang , Junmo Kang , Yong Jae Lee , Donghyun Kim

Vision-language models (VLMs) pre-trained on extensive datasets can inadvertently learn biases by correlating gender information with specific objects or scenarios. Current methods, which focus on modifying inputs and monitoring changes in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhaotian Weng , Zijun Gao , Jerone Andrews , Jieyu Zhao