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Balancing user agency and system automation is essential for effective human-AI interactions. Fully automated systems can deliver efficiency but risk undermining usability and user autonomy, while purely manual tools are often inefficient…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Thomas Langerak

Fully autonomous teams of LLM-powered AI agents are emerging that collaborate to perform complex tasks for users. What challenges do developers face when trying to build and debug these AI agent teams? In formative interviews with five AI…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Will Epperson , Gagan Bansal , Victor Dibia , Adam Fourney , Jack Gerrits , Erkang Zhu , Saleema Amershi

LLM-driven GUI agents are increasingly used in production systems to automate workflows and simulate users for evaluation and optimization. Yet most GUI-agent evaluations emphasize task success and provide limited evidence on whether agents…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Maria Movin , Claudia Hauff , Aron Henriksson , Panagiotis Papapetrou

We introduce GUI-360$^\circ$, a large-scale, comprehensive dataset and benchmark suite designed to advance computer-using agents (CUAs). CUAs present unique challenges and is constrained by three persistent gaps: a scarcity of real-world…

Goal-directed interactive agents, which autonomously complete tasks through interactions with their environment, can assist humans in various domains of their daily lives. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) led to a surge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Mareike Hartmann , Alexander Koller

Learning physical interaction skills, such as dancing, handshaking, or sparring, remains a fundamental challenge for agents operating in human environments, particularly when the agent's morphology differs significantly from that of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Tianyu Li , Hengbo Ma , Sehoon Ha , Kwonjoon Lee

Interactive visual grounding in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is challenging yet practical due to the inevitable ambiguity in natural languages. It requires robots to disambiguate the user input by active information gathering. Previous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jie Xu , Hanbo Zhang , Qingyi Si , Yifeng Li , Xuguang Lan , Tao Kong

Multimodality can make (especially mobile) device interaction more efficient. Sensors and communication capabilities of modern smartphones and tablets lay the technical basis for its implementation. Still, mobile platforms do not make…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-06-13 Andreas Möller , Stefan Diewald , Luis Roalter , Matthias Kranz

Graphical User Interface (GUI) tasks are vital for automating workflows such as software testing, user interface navigation. For users, the GUI is the most intuitive platform for interacting with a computer. Previous work identified a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Zheng Hui , Yinheng Li , Dan zhao , Tianyi Chen , Colby Banbury , Kazuhito Koishida

With the widespread adoption of Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents for automating GUI interaction tasks, substantial research focused on improving GUI perception to ground task instructions into concrete action steps. However, the step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xuan Wang , Siyuan Su , Quantong Fu , Yongxiang Hu , Yangfan Zhou

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled the development of mobile agents that can understand visual inputs and follow user instructions, unlocking new possibilities for automating complex tasks on mobile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Ning Li , Xiangmou Qu , Jiamu Zhou , Jun Wang , Muning Wen , Kounianhua Du , Xingyu Lou , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang

We present an augmented reality human-swarm interface that combines two modalities of interaction: environment-oriented and robot-oriented. The environment-oriented modality allows the user to modify the environment (either virtual or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Jayam Patel , Yicong Xu , Carlo Pinciroli

As augmented reality technology and hardware become more mature and affordable, researchers have been exploring more intuitive and discoverable interaction techniques for immersive environments. In this paper, we investigate multimodal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Xiaoyan Zhou , Adam S. Williams , Francisco R. Ortega

Grounding is the collaborative process of establishing mutual belief sufficient for a communicative goal. While static grounding maps language to a shared context, dynamic grounding requires agents to negotiate meaning across turns. Current…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yiheng Yao , Chelsea Zou , Robert D. Hawkins

Recent progress in GUI agents has substantially improved visual grounding, yet robust planning remains challenging, particularly when the environment deviates from a canonical initial state. In real applications, users often invoke…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Henry Hengyuan Zhao , Kaiming Yang , Wendi Yu , Difei Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

The demand for quality in mobile applications has increased greatly given users' high reliance on them for daily tasks. Developers work tirelessly to ensure that their applications are both functional and user-friendly. In pursuit of this,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Safwat Ali Khan

Mobile GUI agents exhibit substantial potential to facilitate and automate the execution of user tasks on mobile phones. However, exist mobile GUI agents predominantly privilege autonomous operation and neglect the necessity of active user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Haitao Jia , Ming He , Zimo Yin , Likang Wu , Jianping Fan , Jitao Sang

We introduce MMBench-GUI, a hierarchical benchmark for evaluating GUI automation agents across Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android, and Web platforms. It comprises four levels: GUI Content Understanding, Element Grounding, Task Automation,…

Previous research has demonstrated the advantages of integrating data from multiple sources over traditional unimodal data, leading to the emergence of numerous novel multimodal applications. We propose a multimodal classification benchmark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Jiaying Lu , Yongchen Qian , Shifan Zhao , Yuanzhe Xi , Carl Yang

Task-oriented dialogue systems have garnered significant attention due to their conversational ability to accomplish goals, such as booking airline tickets for users. Traditionally, task-oriented dialogue systems are conceptualized as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Pu-Hai Yang , Heyan Huang , Heng-Da Xu , Fanshu Sun , Xian-Ling Mao , Chaoxu Mu