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Principal components analysis (PCA) is the optimal linear auto-encoder of data, and it is often used to construct features. Enforcing sparsity on the principal components can promote better generalization, while improving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-25 Malik Magdon-Ismail , Christos Boutsidis

Sparse principal component analysis addresses the problem of finding a linear combination of the variables in a given data set with a sparse coefficients vector that maximizes the variability of the data. This model enhances the ability to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-09 Amir Beck , Yakov Vaisbourd

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (Sparse PCA) is a pivotal tool in data analysis and dimensionality reduction. However, Sparse PCA is a challenging problem in both theory and practice: it is known to be NP-hard and current exact methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Alberto Del Pia , Dekun Zhou , Yinglun Zhu

Sparse versions of principal component analysis (PCA) have imposed themselves as simple, yet powerful ways of selecting relevant features of high-dimensional data in an unsupervised manner. However, when several sparse principal components…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-22 Charles Bouveyron , Pierre Latouche , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most commonly used statistical procedures with a wide range of applications. This paper considers both minimax and adaptive estimation of the principal subspace in the high dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-08 T. Tony Cai , Zongming Ma , Yihong Wu

Sparse principal component analysis (sPCA) enhances the interpretability of principal components (PCs) by imposing sparsity constraints on loading vectors (LVs). However, when used as a precursor to independent component analysis (ICA) for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Muhammad Usman Khalid

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique for approximating a tabular data set by a low rank matrix. Here, we extend the idea of PCA to handle arbitrary data sets consisting of numerical, Boolean, categorical, ordinal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-06 Madeleine Udell , Corinne Horn , Reza Zadeh , Stephen Boyd

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a very successful dimensionality reduction technique, widely used in predictive modeling. A key factor in its widespread use in this domain is the fact that the projection of a dataset onto its first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-19 Xianghui Luo , Robert J. Durrant

In this paper we propose a new iterative algorithm to solve the fair PCA (FPCA) problem. We start with the max-min fair PCA formulation originally proposed in [1] and derive a simple and efficient iterative algorithm which is based on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-11 Prabhu Babu , Petre Stoica

A general framework for principal component analysis (PCA) in the presence of heteroskedastic noise is introduced. We propose an algorithm called HeteroPCA, which involves iteratively imputing the diagonal entries of the sample covariance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Anru R. Zhang , T. Tony Cai , Yihong Wu

Singular value decomposition (SVD) based principal component analysis (PCA) breaks down in the high-dimensional and limited sample size regime below a certain critical eigen-SNR that depends on the dimensionality of the system and the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Arvind Prasadan , Raj Rao Nadakuditi , Debashis Paul

Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) addresses the poor interpretability and variable redundancy often encountered by principal component analysis (PCA) in high-dimensional data. However, SPCA typically imposes uniform penalties on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Ying Hu , Hu Yang

The topic of this tutorial is Least Squares Sparse Principal Components Analysis (LS SPCA) which is a simple method for computing approximated Principal Components which are combinations of only a few of the observed variables. Analogously…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-31 Giovanni Maria Merola

Probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) seeks a low dimensional representation of a data set in the presence of independent spherical Gaussian noise. The maximum likelihood solution for the model is an eigenvalue problem on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Alfredo Kalaitzis , Neil Lawrence

Sparse principal component analysis with global support (SPCAgs), is the problem of finding the top-$r$ leading principal components such that all these principal components are linear combinations of a common subset of at most $k$…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-11 Santanu S. Dey , Marco Molinaro , Guanyi Wang

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) is a fundamental technique for dimensionality reduction, and is NP-hard. In this paper, we introduce a randomized approximation algorithm for SPCA, which is based on the basic SDP relaxation. Our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Alberto Del Pia , Dekun Zhou

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) finds the best linear representation of data, and is an indispensable tool in many learning and inference tasks. Classically, principal components of a dataset are interpreted as the directions that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-24 Raphael A. Hauser , Armin Eftekhari

Principal component analysis (PCA) is an exploratory tool widely used in data analysis to uncover dominant patterns of variability within a population. Despite its ability to represent a data set in a low-dimensional space, the…

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well known procedure to reduce intrinsic complexity of a dataset, essentially through simplifying the covariance structure or the correlation structure. We introduce a novel algebraic, model-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-09 Martin Schlather , Felix Reinbott

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a fundamental data preprocessing tool in the world of machine learning. While PCA is often thought of as a dimensionality reduction method, the purpose of PCA is actually two-fold: dimension reduction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Arpita Gang , Waheed U. Bajwa