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Efficient simulation of many-body quantum systems is central to advances in physics, chemistry, and quantum computing, with a key question being whether the simulation cost scales polynomially with the system size. In this work, we analyze…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Di Fang , Xiaoxu Wu , Avy Soffer

Simulating the dynamic evolutions of physical and molecular systems in a quantum computer is of fundamental interest in many applications. Its implementation requires efficient quantum simulation algorithms. The Lie-Trotter-Suzuki…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Yue Yu , Yulin Chi , Chonghao Zhai , Jieshan Huang , Qihuang Gong , Jianwei Wang

The Lie-Trotter formula, together with its higher-order generalizations, provides a direct approach to decomposing the exponential of a sum of operators. Despite significant effort, the error scaling of such product formulas remains poorly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-05 Andrew M. Childs , Yuan Su , Minh C. Tran , Nathan Wiebe , Shuchen Zhu

This paper discusses a restriction of quantum theory, in which very complex states would be excluded. The toy theory is phrased in the language of the circuit model for quantum computing, its key ingredient being a limitation on the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-31 Valerio Scarani

Quantum state tomography is the standard tool in current experiments for verifying that a state prepared in the lab is close to an ideal target state, but up to now there were no rigorous methods for evaluating the precision of the state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-04 Takanori Sugiyama , Peter S. Turner , Mio Murao

In the realm of fault-tolerant quantum computing, stabilizer operations play a pivotal role, characterized by their remarkable efficiency in classical simulation. This efficiency sets them apart from non-stabilizer operations within the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Chengkai Zhu , Zhiping Liu , Chenghong Zhu , Xin Wang

Recent work has deployed linear combinations of unitaries techniques to reduce the cost of fault-tolerant quantum simulations of correlated electron models. Here, we show that one can sometimes improve upon those results with optimized…

We propose a hybrid approach to simulate quantum many body dynamics by combining Trotter based quantum algorithm with classical dynamic mode decomposition. The interest often lies in estimating observables rather than explicitly obtaining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Niladri Gomes , Jia Yin , Siyuan Niu , Chao Yang , Wibe Albert de Jong

The accuracy of quantum dynamics simulation is usually measured by the error of the unitary evolution operator in the operator norm, which in turn depends on certain norm of the Hamiltonian. For unbounded operators, after suitable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 Dong An , Di Fang , Lin Lin

Fault-tolerant quantum computing is a promising tool for simulating molecules and materials, but frequently-considered applications require substantial resources, and the gap between hardware capabilities and requirements remains…

The Trotter decomposition is a basic approach to Hamiltonian simulation (digital quantum simulation). The first-order Trotter decomposition is the simplest one, whose deviations from target dynamics are of the first order of a small…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 Takuya Hatomura

Digital quantum simulators provide a diversified tool for solving the evolution of quantum systems with complicated Hamiltonians and hold great potential for a wide range of applications. Although much attention is paid to the unitary…

This is a brief review of the experimental and theoretical quantum computing. The hopes for eventually building a useful quantum computer rely entirely on the so-called "threshold theorem". In turn, this theorem is based on a number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-10 M. I. Dyakonov

Quantum simulation is a foundational application for quantum computers, projected to offer insights into complex quantum systems beyond the reach of classical computation. However, with the exception of Trotter-based methods, which suffer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Amir Kalev , Itay Hen

Quantum computers offer the potential to efficiently simulate the dynamics of quantum systems, a task whose difficulty scales exponentially with system size on classical devices. To assess the potential for near-term quantum computers to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-06 Nathan M. Myers , Ryan Scott , Kwon Park , Vito W. Scarola

Quantum computation with Trotter product formulae is straightforward and requires little overhead in terms of logical qubits. The choice of the orbital basis significantly affects circuit depth, with localised orbitals yielding lowest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Marvin Kronenberger , Mihael Erakovic , Markus Reiher

We prove a limit theorem for quantum stochastic differential equations with unbounded coefficients which extends the Trotter-Kato theorem for contraction semigroups. From this theorem, general results on the convergence of approximations…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-05-08 Luc Bouten , Ramon van Handel , Andrew Silberfarb

We review and extend, in a self-contained way, the mathematical foundations of numerical simulation methods that are based on the use of random states. The power and versatility of this simulation technology is illustrated by calculations…

Understanding the dynamics of quantum systems is crucial in many areas of physics, but simulating many-body systems presents significant challenges due to the large Hilbert space to navigate and the exponential growth of computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Sangjin Lee , Youngseok Kim , Seung-Woo Lee

Quantum simulation is one of the most promising scientific applications of quantum computers. Due to decoherence and noise in current devices, it is however challenging to perform digital quantum simulation in a regime that is intractable…