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We propose a meta-learning method for semi-supervised learning that learns from multiple tasks with heterogeneous attribute spaces. The existing semi-supervised meta-learning methods assume that all tasks share the same attribute space,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai

Hate speech online targets individuals or groups based on identity attributes and spreads rapidly, posing serious social risks. Memes, which combine images and text, have emerged as a nuanced vehicle for disseminating hate speech, often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rui Xing , Qi Chai , Jie Ma , Jing Tao , Pinghui Wang , Shuming Zhang , Xinping Wang , Hao Wang

Memes are one of the most popular types of content used in an online disinformation campaign. They are primarily effective on social media platforms since they can easily reach many users. Memes in a disinformation campaign achieve their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shreenaga Chikoti , Shrey Mehta , Ashutosh Modi

An increasingly common expression of online hate speech is multimodal in nature and comes in the form of memes. Designing systems to automatically detect hateful content is of paramount importance if we are to mitigate its undesirable…

In the evolving landscape of online communication, hate speech detection remains a formidable challenge, further compounded by the diversity of digital platforms. This study investigates the effectiveness and adaptability of pre-trained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ahmad Nasir , Aadish Sharma , Kokil Jaidka , Saifuddin Ahmed

Emotion recognition is a challenging task due to limited availability of in-the-wild labeled datasets. Self-supervised learning has shown improvements on tasks with limited labeled datasets in domains like speech and natural language.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Aparna Khare , Srinivas Parthasarathy , Shiva Sundaram

Hate speech detection in Devanagari-scripted social media memes presents compounded challenges: multimodal content structure, script-specific linguistic complexity, and extreme data scarcity in low-resource settings. This paper presents our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Samir Wagle , Reewaj Khanal , Abiral Adhikari

Self-supervised pre-training using unlabeled data is widely used in automatic speech recognition. In this paper, we propose a new self-supervised pre-training approach to dealing with heterogeneous data. Instead of mixing all the data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Xiaodong Cui , A F M Saif , Brian Kingsbury , Tianyi Chen

Despite the widespread adoption, there is a lack of research into how various critical aspects of pretrained language models (PLMs) affect their performance in hate speech detection. Through five research questions, our findings and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Sarah Masud , Mohammad Aflah Khan , Vikram Goyal , Md Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Memes on the Internet are often harmless and sometimes amusing. However, by using certain types of images, text, or combinations of both, the seemingly harmless meme becomes a multimodal type of hate speech -- a hateful meme. The Hateful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Riza Velioglu , Jewgeni Rose

Representation Learning is a significant and challenging task in multimodal learning. Effective modality representations should contain two parts of characteristics: the consistency and the difference. Due to the unified multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Wenmeng Yu , Hua Xu , Ziqi Yuan , Jiele Wu

Amidst the rise of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) and their widespread application in generating and interpreting complex content, the risk of propagating biased and harmful memes remains significant. Current safety measures often fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xuanyu Su , Yansong Li , Diana Inkpen , Nathalie Japkowicz

Self-supervised learning is an effective way for label-free model pre-training, especially in the video domain where labeling is expensive. Existing self-supervised works in the video domain use varying experimental setups to demonstrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Akash Kumar , Ashlesha Kumar , Vibhav Vineet , Yogesh Singh Rawat

The complexity of text-embedded images presents a formidable challenge in machine learning given the need for multimodal understanding of multiple aspects of expression conveyed by them. While previous research in multimodal analysis has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Siddhant Bikram Shah , Shuvam Shiwakoti , Maheep Chaudhary , Haohan Wang

Self-supervised learning, which benefits from automatically constructing labels through pre-designed pretext task, has recently been applied for strengthen supervised learning. Since previous self-supervised pretext tasks are based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Zilin Ding , Yuhang Yang , Xuan Cheng , Xiaomin Wang , Ming Liu

This paper describes our approach to hierarchical multi-label detection of persuasion techniques in meme texts. Our model, developed as a part of the recent SemEval task, is based on fine-tuning individual language models (BERT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Kota Shamanth Ramanath Nayak , Leila Kosseim

Exploiting social media to spread hate has tremendously increased over the years. Lately, multi-modal hateful content such as memes has drawn relatively more traction than uni-modal content. Moreover, the availability of implicit content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Piush Aggarwal , Pranit Chawla , Mithun Das , Punyajoy Saha , Binny Mathew , Torsten Zesch , Animesh Mukherjee

Hateful memes are a growing menace on social media. While the image and its corresponding text in a meme are related, they do not necessarily convey the same meaning when viewed individually. Hence, detecting hateful memes requires careful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Gokul Karthik Kumar , Karthik Nandakumar

The goal of semi-supervised learning is to utilize the unlabeled, in-domain dataset U to improve models trained on the labeled dataset D. Under the context of large-scale language-model (LM) pretraining, how we can make the best use of U is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Zijun Sun , Chun Fan , Xiaofei Sun , Yuxian Meng , Fei Wu , Jiwei Li

Cultural context profoundly shapes how people interpret online content, yet vision-language models (VLMs) remain predominantly trained through Western or English-centric lenses. This limits their fairness and cross-cultural robustness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Mo Wang , Kaixuan Ren , Pratik Jalan , Ahmed Ashraf , Tuong Vy Vu , Rahul Seetharaman , Shah Nawaz , Usman Naseem