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As single-photon sources become more mature and are used more often in quantum information, communications and measurement applications, their characterization becomes more important. Single-photon-like light is often characterized by its…

We present a method for measuring quantum states encoded in the temporal modes of photons. The basis for the multilevel quantum states is defined by the use of modes propagating in a dispersive medium, which is a fiber in this case. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-26 Karolina Sedziak-Kacprowicz , Artur Czerwinski , Piotr Kolenderski

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) is a model of nonuniversal quantum computation that claims to demonstrate quantum supremacy with current technologies. This model entails sampling photocounting events from a multimode Gaussian state at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 I. S. Yeremenko , M. A. Dmytruk , A. A. Semenov

Quantum universal invariants of a Gaussian state's covariance matrix, which can be derived from intensity correlation moments, have been adopted to characterize the entanglement properties of Gaussian states via the positive partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Ze-Shan He , Yukuan Zhao , Hao-Shu Tian , Kai Sun , Xiao-Ye Xu , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

We analyze the impact of photon loss on the photon-number statistics of Gaussian states. Specifically, we propose and carefully evaluate several methods to mitigate deviations in the photon-number distributions of lossy (displaced) squeezed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Hendrik Ellenberg , René Sondenheimer

We derive a closed photo-counting formula, including noise counts and a finite quantum efficiency, for photon number resolving detectors based on on-off detectors. It applies to detection schemes such as array detectors and multiplexing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 J. Sperling , W. Vogel , G. S. Agarwal

In this thesis we present a direct scheme for measuring quasidistribution functions of light. This scheme, based on photon counting, is derived from a simple relation linking the Wigner function with photon statistics. We develop a full…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Konrad Banaszek

Gaussian bipartite states are basic tools for the realization of quantum information protocols with continuous variables. Their complete characterization is obtained by the reconstruction of the corresponding covariance matrix. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-27 D. Buono , G. Nocerino , V. D'Auria , A. Porzio , S. Olivares , M. G. A. Paris

Photon-number measurements are a fundamental technique for the discrimination and characterization of quantum states of light. Beyond the abilities of state-of-the-art devices, we present measurements with an array of 100 avalanche…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-06 Johannes Kröger , Thomas Ahrens , Jan Sperling , Werner Vogel , Heinrich Stolz , Boris Hage

Proofs of the quantum advantage available in imaging or detecting objects under quantum illumination can rely on optimal measurements without specifying what they are. We use the continuous-variable Gaussian quantum information formalism to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-04 Hao Yang , Wojciech Roga , Jonathan D. Pritchard , John Jeffers

Boson sampling has emerged as an important tool to demonstrate the difference between quantum and classical computers and has attracted the interest of experimentalists and theoreticians. In this work we study Boson sampling from general,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-27 Craig S. Hamilton , Igor Jex

We present the quantum theory of the measurement of bosonic particles by multipixel detectors. For the sake of clarity, we specialize on beams of photons. We study the measurement of different spatial beam characteristics, as position and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-13 Vanessa Chille , Nicolas Treps , Claude Fabre , Gerd Leuchs , Christoph Marquardt , Andrea Aiello

Compatibility conditions between the (global) spectrum of an $n$-mode Gaussian state and the spectra of the individual modes are presented, making optimal use of beam splitter and (two-mode) squeezing transformations. An unexpected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-16 J. Solomon Ivan , R. Simon

Multimode Gaussian states are a versatile resource for quantum information technologies and have been realized across a wide range of physical platforms. Recent progress in the large-scale generation of such states provides a key ingredient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Chan Roh , Geunhee Gwak , Young-Do Yoon , Young-Sik Ra

We study the problem of determining the photon number statistics of an unknown quantum state by simultaneously measuring conjugate quadratures with double homodyne detectors. Classically, the sum of the squared outputs of the two homodyne…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 Bing Qi , Pavel Lougovski , Brian P. Williams

The question of efficient multimode description of optical pulses is studied. We show that a relatively very small number of nonmonochromatic modes can be sufficient for a complete quantum description of pulses with Gaussian quadrature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 T. Opatrny , N. Korolkova , G. Leuchs

We report the close form expressions of the photon number statistics for a generalized coherent state and a generalized photon-added coherent state, which are shown to be crucial for proposing a variety of quantum scissor operations. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Abdul Q. Batin , Suranjana Ghosh , Prasanta K. Panigrahi , Utpal Roy

We investigate the general case of the photon distribution of a two-mode squeezed vacuum and show that the distribution of photons among the two modes depends on four parameters: two squeezing parameters, the relative phase between the two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 G. Schrade , V. M. Akulin , W. P. Schleich , V. I. Man'ko

The non-linearity of a conditional photon-counting measurement can be used to `de-Gaussify' a Gaussian state of light. Here we present and experimentally demonstrate a technique for photon number resolution using only homodyne detection. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-08 H. M. Chrzanowski , J. Bernu , B. M. Sparkes , B. Hage , A. P. Lund , T. C. Ralph , P. K. Lam , T. Symul

Gaussian quantum states hold special importance in the continuous variable (CV) regime. In quantum information science, the understanding and characterization of central resources such as entanglement may strongly rely on the knowledge of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-21 A. S. Coelho , F. A. S. Barbosa , K. N. Cassemiro , M. Martinelli , A. S. Villar , P. Nussenzveig