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Quantum physics is generally concerned with real eigenvalues due to the unitarity of time evolution. With the introduction of $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry, a widely accepted consensus is that, even if the Hamiltonian of the system is not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Tong Liu , Youguo Wang

This paper is devoted to the study of preservation of eigenvalues, Jordan structure and complementary invariant subspaces of structured matrices under structured perturbations. Perturbations and structure-preserving perturbations are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-18 Tinku Ganai , Bibhas Adhikari

Estimating the eigenvalues of non-normal matrices is a foundational problem with far-reaching implications, from modeling non-Hermitian quantum systems to analyzing complex fluid dynamics. Yet, this task remains beyond the reach of standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Yukun Zhang , Yusen Wu , Xiao Yuan

Eigenvalues of stochastic matrices have been studied from two complementary perspectives. The individual eigenvalues are characterised through the well-established Karpelevich regions. The spectrum as a whole has also been analysed,…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Brando Vagenende , Brecht Verbeken , Marie-Anne Guerry

We derive new perturbation bounds for eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices with block structures. The structures we consider range from a standard 2-by-2 block form to block tridiagonal and tridigaonal forms. The main idea is the observation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2010-09-01 Yuji Nakatsukasa

If $A$ is an $n \times n$ Hermitian matrix with eigenvalues $\lambda_1(A),\dots,\lambda_n(A)$ and $i,j = 1,\dots,n$, then the $j^{\mathrm{th}}$ component $v_{i,j}$ of a unit eigenvector $v_i$ associated to the eigenvalue $\lambda_i(A)$ is…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Peter B. Denton , Stephen J. Parke , Terence Tao , Xining Zhang

Building on previous work that provided analytical solutions to generalised matrix eigenvalue problems arising from numerical discretisations, this paper develops exact eigenvalues and eigenvectors for a broader class of $n$-dimensional…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-14 Quanling Deng

The current general form of the well-known Eigenvalue Interlacing Theorem states that, given an $N \times N$ Hermitian matrix $P$, the eigenvalues of the matrix product $Q^{H} P Q$ will interlace those of $P$ if the columns of the $N \times…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Julio Guillen-Garcia , Manuel F. Fernández , Roberto Gallardo-Cava

We introduce a powerful analytic method to study the statistics of the number $\mathcal{N}_{\textbf{A}}(\gamma)$ of eigenvalues inside any contour $\gamma \in \mathbb{C}$ for infinitely large non-Hermitian random matrices ${\textbf A}$. Our…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-06-09 Antonio Tonatiúh Ramos Sánchez , Edgar Guzmán-González , Isaac Pérez Castillo , Fernando L. Metz

The eigenvalue problem plays a central role in linear algebra and its applications in control and optimization methods. In particular, many matrix decompositions rely upon computation of eigenvalue-eigenvector pairs, such as diagonal or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-07-15 Pavel Osinenko , Grigory Devadze , Stefan Streif

We study the spectrum of an asymmetric random matrix with block structured variances. The rows and columns of the random square matrix are divided into $D$ partitions with arbitrary size (linear in $N$). The parameters of the model are the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-10-28 Johnatan Aljadeff , David Renfrew , Merav Stern

Let $N$ be a weakly unitarily invariant norm (i.e. invariant for the coadjoint action of the unitary group) in the space of skew-Hermitian matrices $\mathfrak{u}_n(\mathbb C)$. In this paper we study the geometry of the unit sphere of such…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Gabriel Larotonda , Iván Rey

We consider an inference on the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of a multivariate normal distribution. The family of multivariate normal distributions with a fixed mean is seen as a Riemannian manifold with Fisher information metric.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-12 Yo Sheena

In this article we study the structured distance to singularity for a nonsingular matrix $A\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}$, with a prescribed linear structure $\mathcal{S}$ (for instance, a sparsity pattern, or a real Toeplitz structure), i.e.,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Miryam Gnazzo , Nicola Guglielmi , Federico Poloni , Stefano Sicilia

Structured rational matrices such as symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hamiltonian, skew-Hamiltonian, Hermitian, and para-Hermitian rational matrices arise in many applications. Linearizations of rational matrices have been introduced recently for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-04 Ranjan Kumar Das , Rafikul Alam

We study the eigenvalue distribution of a random matrix, at a transition where a new connected component of the eigenvalue density support appears away from other connected components. Unlike previously studied critical points, which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bertrand Eynard

Spectra of sparse non-Hermitian random matrices determine the dynamics of complex processes on graphs. Eigenvalue outliers in the spectrum are of particular interest, since they determine the stationary state and the stability of dynamical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-28 Izaak Neri , Fernando Lucas Metz

The eigenvalues of matrices representing the structure of large-scale complex networks present a wide range of applications, from the analysis of dynamical processes taking place in the network to spectral techniques aiming to rank the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Victor M. Preciado , Ali Jadbabaie

It is customary to identify sparse matrices with the corresponding adjacency or incidence graph. For the solution of linear systems of equations using Gaussian elimination, the representation by its adjacency graph allows a symbolic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-03-09 Karsten Kahl , Bruno Lang

In applications of linear algebra including nuclear physics and structural dynamics, there is a need to deal with uncertainty in the matrices. We focus on matrices that depend on a set of parameters $\omega$ and we are interested in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-04-23 Koen Ruymbeek , Karl Meerbergen , Wim Michiels