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Lossless compression methods shorten the expected representation size of data without loss of information, using a statistical model. Flow-based models are attractive in this setting because they admit exact likelihood optimization, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Emiel Hoogeboom , Jorn W. T. Peters , Rianne van den Berg , Max Welling

By chaining a sequence of differentiable invertible transformations, normalizing flows (NF) provide an expressive method of posterior approximation, exact density evaluation, and sampling. The trend in normalizing flow literature has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Robert Giaquinto , Arindam Banerjee

We present a computational framework for efficient learning, sampling, and distribution of general Bayesian posterior distributions. The framework leverages a machine learning approach for the construction of normalizing flows for the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-10-10 Yukari Yamauchi , Landon Buskirk , Pablo Giuliani , Kyle Godbey

Normalizing Flows (NFs) have been established as a principled framework for generative modeling. Standard NFs consist of a forward process and a reverse process: the forward process maps data to noise, while the reverse process generates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yiyang Lu , Qiao Sun , Xianbang Wang , Zhicheng Jiang , Hanhong Zhao , Kaiming He

Normalizing flows define a probability distribution by an explicit invertible transformation $\boldsymbol{\mathbf{z}}=f(\boldsymbol{\mathbf{x}})$. In this work, we present implicit normalizing flows (ImpFlows), which generalize normalizing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-18 Cheng Lu , Jianfei Chen , Chongxuan Li , Qiuhao Wang , Jun Zhu

Many application domains, spanning from computational photography to medical imaging, require recovery of high-fidelity images from noisy, incomplete or partial/compressed measurements. State of the art methods for solving these inverse…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-13 Xinyi Wei , Hans van Gorp , Lizeth Gonzalez Carabarin , Daniel Freedman , Yonina C. Eldar , Ruud J. G. van Sloun

A key challenge when designing particle filters in high-dimensional state spaces is the construction of a proposal distribution that is close to the posterior distribution. Recent advances in particle flow filters provide a promising avenue…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-30 Yunpeng Li , Mark Coates

Graphical flows add further structure to normalizing flows by encoding non-trivial variable dependencies. Previous graphical flow models have focused primarily on a single flow direction: the normalizing direction for density estimation, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Jacobie Mouton , Steve Kroon

Normalizing flow (NF) has gained popularity over traditional maximum likelihood based methods due to its strong capability to model complex data distributions. However, the standard approach, which maps the observed data to a normal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Hanze Dong , Shizhe Diao , Weizhong Zhang , Tong Zhang

Normalizing Flows are generative models that directly maximize the likelihood. Previously, the design of normalizing flows was largely constrained by the need for analytical invertibility. We overcome this constraint by a training procedure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Felix Draxler , Peter Sorrenson , Lea Zimmermann , Armand Rousselot , Ullrich Köthe

The great advances of learning-based approaches in image processing and computer vision are largely based on deeply nested networks that compose linear transfer functions with suitable non-linearities. Interestingly, the most frequently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Peter Ochs , Tim Meinhardt , Laura Leal-Taixe , Michael Moeller

Generative modeling has emerged as a powerful paradigm for representation learning, but its direct applicability to challenging fields like medical imaging remains limited: mere generation, without task alignment, fails to provide a robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Luca Caldera , Giacomo Bottacini , Lara Cavinato

Recently normalizing flows (NFs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on modeling 3D point clouds while allowing sampling with arbitrary resolution at inference time. However, these flow-based models still require long training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Janis Postels , Mengya Liu , Riccardo Spezialetti , Luc Van Gool , Federico Tombari

Formal verification has emerged as a promising method to ensure the safety and reliability of neural networks. However, many relevant properties, such as fairness or global robustness, pertain to the entire input space. If one applies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Faried Abu Zaid , Daniel Neider , Mustafa Yalçıner

In the quest to build generative surrogate models as computationally efficient alternatives to rule-based simulations, the quality of the generated samples remains a crucial frontier. So far, normalizing flows have been among the models…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-09-05 Thorsten Buss , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Claudius Krause , David Shih

Morphing is a long-standing problem in vision and computer graphics, requiring a time-dependent warping for feature alignment and a blending for smooth interpolation. Recently, multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) have been explored as implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Arthur Bizzi , Matias Grynberg , Vitor Matias , Daniel Perazzo , João Paulo Lima , Luiz Velho , Nuno Gonçalves , João Pereira , Guilherme Schardong , Tiago Novello

Deep networks, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been successfully applied in various areas of machine learning as well as to challenging problems in other scientific and engineering fields. This paper introduces…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-05-04 Yingzhou Li , Xiuyuan Cheng , Jianfeng Lu

Normalizing flows are a promising tool for modeling probability distributions in physical systems. While state-of-the-art flows accurately approximate distributions and energies, applications in physics additionally require smooth energies…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-01 Jonas Köhler , Andreas Krämer , Frank Noé

Wavelet transformation stands as a cornerstone in modern data analysis and signal processing. Its mathematical essence is an invertible transformation that discerns slow patterns from fast ones in the frequency domain. Such an invertible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Shuo-Hui Li

Normalizing flows are diffeomorphic, typically dimension-preserving, models trained using the likelihood of the model. We use the SurVAE framework to construct dimension reducing surjective flows via a new layer, known as the funnel. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Samuel Klein , John A. Raine , Sebastian Pina-Otey , Slava Voloshynovskiy , Tobias Golling