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In a recent article, the class of functions from the integers to the integers computable in polynomial time has been characterized using discrete ordinary differential equations (ODE), also known as finite differences. Doing so, we pointed…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Manon Blanc , Olivier Bournez

We prove that functions over the reals computable in polynomial time can be characterised using discrete ordinary differential equations (ODE), also known as finite differences. We also provide a characterisation of functions computable in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Manon Blanc , Olivier Bournez

This paper studies the expressive and computational power of discrete Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), a.k.a. (Ordinary) Difference Equations. It presents a new framework using these equations as a central tool for computation and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Olivier Bournez , Arnaud Durand

We provide an implicit characterization of polynomial time computation in terms of ordinary differential equations: we characterize the class $\operatorname{PTIME}$ of languages computable in polynomial time in terms of differential…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-01-18 Olivier Bournez , Daniel S. Graça , Amaury Pouly

This papers studies the expressive and computational power of discrete Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). It presents a new framework using discrete ODEs as a central tool for computation and provides several implicit characterizations…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Olivier Bournez , Arnaud Durand , Sabrina Ouazzani

In this paper, we provide a uniform framework for investigating small circuit classes and bounds through the lens of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Following an approach recently introduced to capture the class of polynomial-time…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Melissa Antonelli , Arnaud Durand , Juha Kontinen

Implicit computational complexity is a lively area of theoretical computer science, which aims to provide machine-independent characterizations of relevant complexity classes. % for uniformity with subsequent uses >> 1960s (but feel free to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Melissa Antonelli , Arnaud Durand , Juha Kontinen

Recursive analysis was introduced by A. Turing [1936], A. Grzegorczyk [1955], and D. Lacombe [1955]. It is based on a discrete mechanical framework that can be used to model computation over the real numbers. In this context the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-11-13 Walid Gomaa

A notable feature of the TTE approach to computability is the representation of the argument values and the corresponding function values by means of infinitistic names. Two ways to eliminate the using of such names in certain cases are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Dimiter Skordev

The class of uniformly computable real functions with respect to a small subrecursive class of operators computes the elementary functions of calculus, restricted to compact subsets of their domains. The class of conditionally computable…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-03-14 Ivan Georgiev

Recently classes of conic and discrete conic functions were introduced. In this paper we use the term convic instead conic. The class of convic functions properly includes the classes of convex functions, strictly quasiconvex functions and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-03 S. I. Veselov , D. V. Gribanov , N. Yu. Zolotykh , A. Yu. Chirkov

Neural networks have the ability to serve as universal function approximators, but they are not interpretable and don't generalize well outside of their training region. Both of these issues are problematic when trying to apply standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Colby Fronk , Linda Petzold

When a computer algebra system fails to solve an Ordinary Differential Equation, is this a limitation of its implementation, or a genuine computational barrier? Three traditions bear on the question. Modern computer algebra algorithms can…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Olivier Bournez , Alonso Núñez

The outcomes of this paper are twofold. Implicit complexity. We provide an implicit characterization of polynomial time computation in terms of ordinary differential equations: we characterize the class PTIME of languages computable in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-05-18 Olivier Bournez , Daniel S. Gracaa , Amaury Pouly

This paper provides an alternate characterization of type-two polynomial-time computability, with the goal of making second-order complexity theory more approachable. We rely on the usual oracle machines to model programs with subroutine…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Bruce M. Kapron , Florian Steinberg

Models of computations over the integers are equivalent from a computability and complexity theory point of view by the Church-Turing thesis. It is not possible to unify discrete-time models over the reals. The situation is unclear but…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Manon Blanc , Olivier Bournez

What do recurrent neural networks, polynomial ODEs, and discrete polynomial maps each bring to computation, and what do they lack? All three operate over the continuum--real-valued states evolved by real-valued dynamics--even when the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Olivier Bournez

We consider reasoning and minimization in systems of polynomial ordinary differential equations (ode's). The ring of multivariate polynomials is employed as a syntax for denoting system behaviours. We endow this set with a transition system…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Michele Boreale

In this work we consider a given root of a family of n-degree polynomials as a one-variable function that depends only on the independent term. Then we prove that this function satisfies several ordinary differential equations (ODE). More…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-06-17 Armengol Gasull , Hector Giacomini

We define a class of computable functions over real numbers using functional schemes similar to the class of primitive and partial recursive functions defined by G\"odel and Kleene. We show that this class of functions can also be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Keng Meng Ng , Nazanin R. Tavana , Yue Yang
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