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Following AI scaling trends, frontier models continue to grow in size and continue to be trained on larger datasets. Training these models requires huge investments in exascale computational resources, which has in turn driven developtment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Hiroki Naganuma , Xinzhi Zhang , Man-Chung Yue , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Philipp A. Witte , Russell J. Hewett , Yin Tat Lee

Deep Neural Network (DNN) frameworks use distributed training to enable faster time to convergence and alleviate memory capacity limitations when training large models and/or using high dimension inputs. With the steady increase in datasets…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Albert Njoroge Kahira , Truong Thao Nguyen , Leonardo Bautista Gomez , Ryousei Takano , Rosa M Badia , Mohamed Wahib

Scaling long-context capabilities is crucial for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, real-world multimodal datasets are extremely heterogeneous. Existing training frameworks predominantly rely on static parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yifan Niu , Han Xiao , Dongyi Liu , Wei Zhou , Jia Li

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a widely adopted iterative method for optimizing differentiable objective functions. In this paper, we propose and discuss a novel approach to scale up SGD in applications involving non-convex functions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-07 Saad Mohamad , Hamad Alamri , Abdelhamid Bouchachia

Decision diagrams for classification have some notable advantages over decision trees, as their internal connections can be determined at training time and their width is not bound to grow exponentially with their depth. Accordingly,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Alexandre M. Florio , Pedro Martins , Maximilian Schiffer , Thiago Serra , Thibaut Vidal

Single-Program-Multiple-Data (SPMD) parallelism has recently been adopted to train large deep neural networks (DNNs). Few studies have explored its applicability on heterogeneous clusters, to fully exploit available resources for large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Shiwei Zhang , Lansong Diao , Chuan Wu , Zongyan Cao , Siyu Wang , Wei Lin

Large deep learning models have shown great potential for delivering exceptional results in various applications. However, the training process can be incredibly challenging due to the models' vast parameter sizes, often consisting of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Zhengqing Yuan , Huiwen Xue , Chao Zhang , Yongming Liu

Deep learning algorithms have made many breakthroughs and have various applications in real life. Computational resources become a bottleneck as the data and complexity of the deep learning pipeline increases. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Salman Ahmed , Hammad Naveed

Modern data parallel (DP) training favors collective communication over parameter servers (PS) for its simplicity and efficiency under balanced workloads. However, the balanced workload assumption no longer holds in large language model…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xinyi Wan , Penghui Qi , Guangxing Huang , Chaoyi Ruan , Min Lin , Jialin Li

To train modern large DNN models, pipeline parallelism has recently emerged, which distributes the model across GPUs and enables different devices to process different microbatches in pipeline. Earlier pipeline designs allow multiple…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Ziyue Luo , Xiaodong Yi , Guoping Long , Shiqing Fan , Chuan Wu , Jun Yang , Wei Lin

Self-paced learning (SPL) mimics the cognitive process of humans, who generally learn from easy samples to hard ones. One key issue in SPL is the training process required for each instance weight depends on the other samples and thus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Xuchao Zhang , Liang Zhao , Zhiqian Chen , Chang-Tien Lu

Distributed Deep Learning (DDL) is essential for large-scale Deep Learning (DL) training. Synchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (SSGD) 1 is the de facto DDL optimization method. Using a sufficiently large batch size is critical to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Wei Zhang , Mingrui Liu , Yu Feng , Xiaodong Cui , Brian Kingsbury , Yuhai Tu

We propose a framework for training neural networks that are coupled with partial differential equations (PDEs) in a parallel computing environment. Unlike most distributed computing frameworks for deep neural networks, our focus is to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Kailai Xu , Weiqiang Zhu , Eric Darve

Stochastic convex optimization algorithms are the most popular way to train machine learning models on large-scale data. Scaling up the training process of these models is crucial, but the most popular algorithm, Stochastic Gradient Descent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-30 Ashok Cutkosky , Robert Busa-Fekete

Fully Sharded Data Parallel (FSDP), also known as Zero Redundancy Optimizer (ZeRO), is widely used for large-scale model training, because of its memory efficiency and minimal intrusion on model code. However, existing FSDP systems rely on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zezhou Wang , Youjie Li , Zhiqi Lin , Jiacheng Yang , Cong Xie , Guanyu Feng , Zheng Zhong , Ziyue Huang , Hongyu Zhu , Zhi Zhang , Yanghua Peng , Xin Liu

Various parallelism, such as data, tensor, and pipeline parallelism, along with memory optimizations like activation checkpointing, redundancy elimination, and offloading, have been proposed to accelerate distributed training for Large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zhanda Zhu , Christina Giannoula , Muralidhar Andoorveedu , Qidong Su , Karttikeya Mangalam , Bojian Zheng , Gennady Pekhimenko

Online Continual Learning (OCL) involves sequentially arriving data and is particularly challenged by catastrophic forgetting, which significantly impairs model performance. To address this issue, we introduce a novel framework, Online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Congren Dai , Huichi Zhou , Jiahao Huang , Zhenxuan Zhang , Fanwen Wang , Yijian Gao , Guang Yang , Fei Ye

Training large deep learning models requires parallelization techniques to scale. In existing methods such as Data Parallelism or ZeRO-DP, micro-batches of data are processed in parallel, which creates two drawbacks: the total memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Louis Fournier , Edouard Oyallon

Deep learning has become an indispensable part of life, such as face recognition, NLP, etc., but the training of deep model has always been a challenge, and in recent years, the complexity of training data and models has shown explosive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Sheng Huang

The parallel and distributed processing are becoming de facto industry standard, and a large part of the current research is targeted on how to make computing scalable and distributed, dynamically, without allocating the resources on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Rajendra Purohit , K R Chowdhary , S D Purohit