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With the increasing inclusion of regenerative resources in the energy mix, their intermittent character challenges power grid stability. Hence it is essential to determine which input fluctuations power grids are particularly vulnerable to.…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-01-16 Stefan Wieland , Sébastien Aumaitre , Hervé Bercegol

This paper proposes a novel strategy for the current injection based control for distributed energy resources connected to weak grids through a voltage source converter experiencing faults. The current injection controller is no longer…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-13 Runfan Zhang , Branislav Hredzak

Unscheduled islanding events of microgrids result in the transition between grid-connected and islanded modes and induce a sudden and unknown power imbalance, posing a threat to frequency security. To achieve seamless islanding, we propose…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Lun Yang , Haoxiang Yang , Xiaoyu Cao , Xiaohong Guan

In this paper, the impact of inverter-based resources (IBRs) on the frequency dynamics of the Brazilian Interconnected Power System (BIPS) is evaluated. A measurement-based framework is proposed to assess the impact of IBR penetration on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Bruno Pinheiro , M. C. Llerena Velasquez , Giovane Faria , A. F. C. Aquino , Diego Issicaba , Daniel Dotta

The phase-locked loop (PLL) used in the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) can cause frequency coupling phenomena, which will give negative resistance characteristics ofthe DFIG at low frequency, resulting in stability issues under weak…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-20 Xiaoling Xiong , Bochen Luo , Longcan Li , Ziming Sun , Frede Blaabjerg

Inverter-based microgrids are an important technology for sustainable electrical power systems and typically use droop-controlled grid-forming inverters to interface distributed energy resources to the network and control the voltage and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-12 Yemi Ojo , Jeremy Watson , Ioannis Lestas

Frequency control (FC) enables utility-scale grid-connected hybrid power plants (HPPs) to operate in compliance with grid code requirements while to capture value streams from provision of frequency control services (FCSs). In this paper, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-05 Qian Long , Kaushik Das , Poul Sørensen

The rapid growth of renewable energy sources has significantly reduced system inertia and increased the need for fast frequency response (FFR) in modern power systems. Data centers, as large and flexible electrical consumers, hold great…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Xiaojie Tao , Rajit Gadh

Many recent works in control of electric power systems have investigated their synchronization through global performance metrics under external disturbances. The approach is motivated by fundamental changes in the operation of power grids,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-28 Melvyn Tyloo , Philippe Jacquod

To address the frequency stability challenges posed by the rising penetration of power electronics in power systems, HVDC-connected offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) are increasingly expected to provide inertial response and frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Zhenghua XU , Dominic Groß , George Alin Raducu , Behnam Nouri , Oscar Saborío-Romano , Nicolaos A. Cutululis

Grid-forming voltage-source converter (GFM-VSC) may experience low-frequency resonances, such as synchronous resonance (SR) and sub-synchronous resonance (SSR), in the output power. This paper offers a comprehensive study on the root causes…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-23 Fangzhou Zhao , Tianhua Zhu , Zejie Li , Xiongfei Wang

Low-carbon societies will need to store vast amounts of electricity to balance intermittent generation from wind and solar energy, for example, through frequency regulation. Here, we derive an analytical solution to the decision-making…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Dirk Lauinger , François Vuille , Daniel Kuhn

In this work we model the dynamics of power grids in terms of a two-layer network, and use the Italian high voltage power grid as a proof-of-principle example. The first layer in our model represents the power grid consisting of generators…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2021-11-30 Simona Olmi , Carl H. Totz , Eckehard Schöll

Motivated by an increase of renewable energy sources we propose a distributed optimal Load Frequency Control scheme achieving frequency regulation and economic dispatch. Based on an energy function of the power network we derive an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-03 Sebastian Trip , Claudio De Persis

Reliable and secure operation of power systems becomes increasingly challenging as the share of volatile generation rises, leading to largely changing dynamics. Typically, the architecture and structure of controllers in power systems, such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-06 A. Mesanovic , U. Münz , A. Szabo , M. Mangold , J. Bamberger , M. Metzger , C. Heyde , R. Krebs , R. Findeisen

High penetration of wind power with conventional grid following controls for inverter-based wind turbine generators (WTGs) weakens the power grid, challenging the power system stability. Grid-forming (GFM) controls are emerging technologies…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-02 Thai-Thanh Nguyen , Tuyen Vu , Sumit Paudyal , Frede Blaabjerg , Thanh Long Vu

Differing from synchronous generators (SGs), grid-forming inverter-based resources (GFM-IBRs) exhibit rapid variations in their output impedances during transmission line faults due to the overcurrent limitation. As a result, the source…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Yifei Li , Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang

Uncertainty from renewable energy and loads is one of the major challenges for stable grid operation. Various approaches have been explored to remedy these uncertainties. In this paper, we design centralized or decentralized state-feedback…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Ahmad F. Taha , Mohammadhafez Bazrafshan , Sebastian Nugroho , Nikolaos Gatsis , Junjian Qi

Motivated by the inadequacy of the existing control strategies for power systems affected by time-varying uncontrolled power injections such as loads and the increasingly widespread renewable energy sources, this paper proposes two control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-27 Amirreza Silani , Michele Cucuzzella , Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen , Mohammad Javad Yazdanpanah

The growing adoption of inverter-based resources (IBRs) has introduced unprecedented dynamics in power systems, resulting in oscillations across a broad spectrum of frequencies. Communication delay between the plant-level control and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-24 Saugat Ghimire , Vaithianathan "Mani" Venkatasubramanian , Gilles Torresan