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Self-supervised learning (SSL) excels at finding general-purpose latent representations from complex data, yet lacks a unifying theoretical framework that explains the diverse existing methods and guides the design of new ones. We cast SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Fabian A Mikulasch , Friedemann Zenke

Self-supervised learning has emerged as a powerful way to pre-train generalizable machine learning models on large amounts of unlabeled data. It is particularly compelling in the music domain, where obtaining labeled data is time-consuming,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Gabriel Meseguer-Brocal , Dorian Desblancs , Romain Hennequin

This paper looks at semi-supervised learning (SSL) for image-based text recognition. One of the most popular SSL approaches is pseudo-labeling (PL). PL approaches assign labels to unlabeled data before re-training the model with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Gaurav Patel , Jan Allebach , Qiang Qiu

Joint-embedding self-supervised learning (SSL), the key paradigm for unsupervised representation learning from visual data, learns from invariances between semantically-related data pairs. We study the one-to-many mapping problem in SSL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yipeng Zhang , Hafez Ghaemi , Jungyoon Lee , Shahab Bakhtiari , Eilif B. Muller , Laurent Charlin

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm that presents supervisory signals to real-world problems, bypassing the extensive cost of manual labeling. Consequently, self-supervised anomaly detection (SSAD) has seen a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Jaemin Yoo , Lingxiao Zhao , Leman Akoglu

In Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), pre-training and evaluation are resource intensive. In the speech domain, current indicators of the quality of SSL models during pre-training, such as the loss, do not correlate well with downstream…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ryan Whetten , Lucas Maison , Titouan Parcollet , Marco Dinarelli , Yannick Estève

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has demonstrated its effectiveness in learning representations through comparison methods that align with human intuition. However, mainstream SSL methods heavily rely on high body datasets with single label,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiale Chen

Self-supervised learning (SSL) representation for speech has achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on several downstream tasks. However, there remains room for improvement in speech enhancement (SE) tasks. In this study, we used a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-06 Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Szu-wei Fu , Huan-Hsin Tseng , Hsin-Tien Chiang , Yu Tsao , Chii-Wann Lin

Despite the empirical successes of self-supervised learning (SSL) methods, it is unclear what characteristics of their representations lead to high downstream accuracies. In this work, we characterize properties that SSL representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yann Dubois , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Stefano Ermon , Percy Liang

Attention-based sequence-to-sequence models for speech recognition jointly train an acoustic model, language model (LM), and alignment mechanism using a single neural network and require only parallel audio-text pairs. Thus, the language…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-20 Jinxi Guo , Tara N. Sainath , Ron J. Weiss

Self-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms have emerged as powerful tools that can leverage large quantities of unlabeled audio data to pre-train robust representations that support strong performance on diverse downstream tasks. Up to now…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-05 Mattson Ogg

Linear probing (LP) (and $k$-NN) on the upstream dataset with labels (e.g., ImageNet) and transfer learning (TL) to various downstream datasets are commonly employed to evaluate the quality of visual representations learned via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Jae-Hun Lee , Doyoung Yoon , ByeongMoon Ji , Kyungyul Kim , Sangheum Hwang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) aims to eliminate one of the major bottlenecks in representation learning - the need for human annotations. As a result, SSL holds the promise to learn representations from data in-the-wild, i.e., without the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Senthil Purushwalkam , Pedro Morgado , Abhinav Gupta

Despite the rapid progress in self-supervised learning (SSL), end-to-end fine-tuning still remains the dominant fine-tuning strategy for medical imaging analysis. However, it remains unclear whether this approach is truly optimal for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Muhammad Osama Khan , Yi Fang

The label-embedded dictionary learning (DL) algorithms generate influential dictionaries by introducing discriminative information. However, there exists a limitation: All the label-embedded DL methods rely on the labels due that this way…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Shuai Shao , Lei Xing , Wei Yu , Rui Xu , Yanjiang Wang , Baodi Liu

This study explores the application of self-supervised learning (SSL) for improved target recognition in synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery. The unique challenges of underwater environments make traditional computer vision techniques,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 BW Sheffield

ML-SUPERB evaluates self-supervised learning (SSL) models on the tasks of language identification and automatic speech recognition (ASR). This benchmark treats the models as feature extractors and uses a single shallow downstream model,…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved remarkable performance in various medical imaging tasks by dint of priors from massive unlabelled data. However, regarding a specific downstream task, there is still a lack of an instruction book…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Chuyan Zhang , Yun Gu

Deep supervised learning algorithms typically require a large volume of labeled data to achieve satisfactory performance. However, the process of collecting and labeling such data can be expensive and time-consuming. Self-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jie Gui , Tuo Chen , Jing Zhang , Qiong Cao , Zhenan Sun , Hao Luo , Dacheng Tao

Speech emotion recognition (SER) has made significant strides with the advent of powerful self-supervised learning (SSL) models. However, the generalization of these models to diverse languages and emotional expressions remains a challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Mohamed Osman , Daniel Z. Kaplan , Tamer Nadeem