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I will demonstrate the effectiveness of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) when training data are scarce or noisy. The training data can be located either at the boundaries or within…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-28 Hubert Baty

Classical Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approximate solutions to PDEs with the help of deep neural networks trained to satisfy the differential operator and the relevant boundary conditions. We revisit this idea in the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 Josh Dees , Antoine Jacquier , Sylvain Laizet

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have gained prominence in recent years and are now effectively used in a number of applications. However, their performance remains unstable due to the complex landscape of the loss function. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dmitry Bylinkin , Mikhail Aleksandrov , Savelii Chezhegov , Aleksandr Beznosikov

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are machine learning tools that approximate the solution of general partial differential equations (PDEs) by adding them in some form as terms of the loss/cost function of a Neural Network. Most…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Antonio Tadeu Azevedo Gomes , Larissa Miguez da Silva , Frederic Valentin

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been popularized as a deep learning framework that can seamlessly synthesize observational data and partial differential equation (PDE) constraints. Their practical effectiveness however can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sifan Wang , Shyam Sankaran , Hanwen Wang , Paris Perdikaris

We introduce a new approach for solving forward systems of differential equations using a combination of splitting methods and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). The proposed method, splitting PINN, effectively addresses the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Simin Shekarpaz , Fanhai Zeng , George Karniadakis

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently been proposed to solve scientific and engineering problems, where physical laws are introduced into neural networks as prior knowledge. With the embedded physical laws, PINNs enable the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Xinle Wu , Dalin Zhang , Miao Zhang , Chenjuan Guo , Shuai Zhao , Yi Zhang , Huai Wang , Bin Yang

This study investigates the potential accuracy boundaries of physics-informed neural networks, contrasting their approach with previous similar works and traditional numerical methods. We find that selecting improved optimization algorithms…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-12-16 Jorge F. Urbán , Petros Stefanou , José A. Pons

The prohibitive cost and low fidelity of experimental data in industry scale thermofluid systems limit the usefulness of pure data-driven machine learning methods. Physics-informed neural networks (PINN) strive to overcome this by embedding…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-05-25 Ryno Laubscher , Pieter Rousseau

In this work, we embed hard constraints in a physics informed neural network (PINN) which predicts solutions to the 2D incompressible Navier Stokes equations. We extend the hard constraint method introduced by Chen et al. (arXiv:2012.06148)…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-13 Miranda J. S. Horne , Peter K. Jimack , Amirul Khan , He Wang

We propose a new semi-analytic physics informed neural network (PINN) to solve singularly perturbed boundary value problems. The PINN is a scientific machine learning framework that offers a promising perspective for finding numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-22 Gung-Min Gie , Youngjoon Hong , Chang-Yeol Jung

Current, realistic numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere reproduce observations in a statistical sense; they do not replicate observations such as a movie of solar granulation. Inversions on the other hand reproduce observations by…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-09 Christoph U. Keller

We propose characteristics-informed neural networks (CINN), a simple and efficient machine learning approach for solving forward and inverse problems involving hyperbolic PDEs. Like physics-informed neural networks (PINN), CINN is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Ulisses Braga-Neto

A physics-informed neural network (PINN) that combines deep learning with physics is studied to solve the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation for learning nonlinear dynamics in fiber optics. We carry out a systematic investigation and…

Optics · Physics 2021-09-03 Xiaotian Jiang , Danshi Wang , Qirui Fan , Min Zhang , Chao Lu , Alan Pak Tao Lau

This short note describes the concept of guided training of deep neural networks (DNNs) to learn physically reasonable solutions. DNNs are being widely used to predict phenomena in physics and mechanics. One of the issues of DNNs is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Kazuo Yonekura

In this paper, we review the new method Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) that has become the main pillar in scientific machine learning, we present recent practical extensions, and provide a specific example in data-driven discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Maziar Raissi , Paris Perdikaris , Nazanin Ahmadi , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been widely used to obtain solutions to various physical phenomena modeled as Differential Equations. As PINNs are not naturally equipped with mechanisms for Uncertainty Quantification, some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Pablo Flores , Olga Graf , Pavlos Protopapas , Karim Pichara

Accurately and efficiently solving nonlinear differential equations is crucial for modeling dynamic behavior across science and engineering. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful solution that embeds physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Duarte Alexandrino , Ben Moseley , Pavlos Protopapas

The recent success of deep neural network models with physical constraints (so-called, Physics-Informed Neural Networks, PINNs) has led to renewed interest in the incorporation of mechanistic information in predictive models. Statisticians…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-20 Christopher K. Wikle , Joshua North , Giri Gopalan , Myungsoo Yoo

We propose Gradient Informed Neural Networks (GradINNs), a methodology inspired by Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) that can be used to efficiently approximate a wide range of physical systems for which the underlying governing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Filippo Aglietti , Francesco Della Santa , Andrea Piano , Virginia Aglietti