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Density ratio estimation (DRE) is a paramount task in machine learning, for its broad applications across multiple domains, such as covariate shift adaptation, causal inference, independence tests and beyond. Parametric methods for…
Experimental data in particle and nuclear physics, particle astrophysics, and radiation protection dosimetry are collected using experimental facilities that consist of a complex system of sensors, electronics, and software. Measured…
We present an extensive numerical study of the time irreversibility of the dynamics of heavy inertial particles in three-dimensional, statistically homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flows. We show that the probability density function…
We describe a simple method for estimating the vertical column density in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of discs. As in the method of Stamatellos et al. (2007), the column density is estimated using pre-computed local…
The current PDF4LHC recommendation to estimate uncertainties due to parton distribution functions (PDFs) in theoretical predictions for LHC processes involves the combination of separate predictions computed using PDF sets from different…
We use stochastic computer simulations to study the transport of a spherical cargo particle along a microtubule-like track on a planar substrate by several kinesin-like processive motors. Our newly developed adhesive motor dynamics…
We consider one-dimensional hyperbolic PDEs, linear and nonlinear, with random initial data. Our focus is the {\em pointwise statistics,} i.e., the probability measure of the solution at any fixed point in space and time. For linear…
Recently, a novel approach has been proposed to compute parton distributions through the use of boosted correlators fixed in the Coulomb gauge from lattice QCD, within the framework of Large-Momentum Effective Theory (LaMET). This approach…
Numerical evidence of non-diffusive transport in three-dimensional, resistive pressure-gradient-driven plasma turbulence is presented. It is shown that the probability density function (pdf) of test particles' radial displacements is…
The dynamics of a quantum particle bound by an accelerating delta-functional potential is investigated. Three cases are considered, using the reference frame moving along with the {\delta}-function, in which the acceleration is converted…
In science and engineering, we often work with models designed for accurate prediction of variables of interest. Recognizing that these models are approximations of reality, it becomes desirable to apply multiple models to the same data and…
The human ability to detect and segment moving objects works in the presence of multiple objects, complex background geometry, motion of the observer, and even camouflage. In addition to all of this, the ability to detect motion is nearly…
Joint probability density function (PDF)-based models in turbulent combustion provide direct closure for turbulence-chemistry interactions. The joint PDFs capture the turbulent flame dynamics at different spatial locations and hence it is…
We report a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the probability distribution functions (pdf's) of the normal and tangential (frictional) forces in amorphous frictional media. We consider both the joint pdf of normal and…
The one-point probability distribution function (PDF) of the matter density field in the universe is a fundamental property that plays an essential role in cosmology for estimates such as gravitational weak lensing, non-linear clustering,…
Probability density estimation is a core problem of statistics and signal processing. Moment methods are an important means of density estimation, but they are generally strongly dependent on the choice of feasible functions, which severely…
At any given scale, 3$\times$2-point statistics extract only three numbers from the joint distribution of the cosmic matter density and galaxy density fluctuations: their variances and their covariance. It is well known that the full shape…
We quantitatively study the probability distribution function (PDF) of cosmological nonlinear density fluctuations from N-body simulations with Gaussian initial condition. In particular, we examine the validity and limitations of one-point…
We generalize Einstein's probabilistic method for the Brownian motion to study compressible fluids in porous media. The multi-dimensional case is considered with general probability distribution functions. By relating the expected…
Under some weak conditions, the first-passage time of the Brownian motion to a continuous curved boundary is an almost surely finite stopping time. Its probability density function (pdf) is explicitly known only in few particular cases.…