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To date, 204 individual molecular species, comprised of 16 different elements, have been detected in the interstellar and circumstellar medium by astronomical observations. These molecules range in size from two atoms to seventy, and have…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-05 Brett A. McGuire

To date, 241 individual molecular species, comprised of 19 different elements, have been detected in the interstellar and circumstellar medium by astronomical observations. These molecules range in size from two atoms to seventy, and have…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-30 Brett A. McGuire

The search for complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) has revealed species of ever greater complexity. This search relies on the progress made in the laboratory to characterize their rotational spectra. Our understanding…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-14 Arnaud Belloche

The field of astrochemistry has seen major advances triggered by the completion of new powerful radio telescopes, with gains in sensitivity of receivers and in bandwidth. To date, about 330 molecular species are detected, in interstellar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-04 Charlotte Vastel , Francesco Fontani

Stars form in the densest, coldest, most quiescent regions of molecular clouds. Molecules provide the only probes which can reveal the dynamics, physics, chemistry and evolution of these regions, but our understanding of the molecular…

Spectroscopic techniques are essential tools for determining the structure of molecules. Different spectroscopic techniques, such as Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Infrared spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry, provide insight into the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-10-30 Marvin Alberts , Oliver Schilter , Federico Zipoli , Nina Hartrampf , Teodoro Laino

The identification of molecules in exoplanetary atmospheres is only possible thanks to the availability of high-resolution molecular spectroscopic data. However, due to its intensive and time-consuming generation process, at present, only…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 Juan C. Zapata Trujillo , Maria M. Pettyjohn , Laura K. McKemmish

Accurate and comprehensive diatomic molecular spectroscopic data have long been vital in a wide variety of applications for measuring and monitoring astrophysical, industrial and other gaseous environments. These data are also used…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-03-19 Laura K. McKemmish

The catalog section of the Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy, CDMS, contains mostly rotational transition frequencies, with auxiliary information, of molecules observable in space. The frequency lists are generated mostly from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-08-13 Holger S P Müller , C P Endres , J Stutzki , S Schlemmer

The CDMS was founded 1998 to provide in its catalog section line lists of molecular species which may be observed in various astronomical sources using radio astronomy. The line lists contain transition frequencies with qualified…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 Christian P. Endres , Stephan Schlemmer , Peter Schilke , Jürgen Stutzki , Holger S. P. Müller

Interstellar molecules, which play an important role in astrochemistry, are identified using observed spectral lines. Despite the advent of spectral analysis tools in the past decade, the identification of spectral lines remains a tedious…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-07 Yisheng Qiu , Tianwei Zhang , Thomas Möller , XueJian Jiang , Zihao Song , Huaxi Chen , Donghui Quan

A proof-of-concept framework for identifying molecules of unknown elemental composition and structure using experimental rotational data and probabilistic deep learning is presented. Using a minimal set of input data determined…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Michael C. McCarthy , Kin Long Kelvin Lee

Thanks to the advent of sensitive and broad bandwidth instrumentation, complex organic molecules (COMs) have been found in a wide variety of interstellar environments, not only in our Galaxy but also in external galaxies up to a redshift of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-24 Izaskun Jimenez-Serra , Claudio Codella , Arnaud Belloche

Astrochemistry aims at studying chemical processes in astronomical environments. This discipline -- located at the crossroad between astrophysics and chemistry -- is rapidly evolving and explores the issue of the formation of molecules of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-05-28 M. De Becker

Since molecules are ubiquitous in space, the study of the 'Molecular Universe' could unfold the mystery of the existing Interstellar medium. Star formation is linked to the chemical evolution processes. Thus, an analysis of the formation of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-29 Bratati Bhat

The discovery and identification of molecules in biological and environmental samples is crucial for advancing biomedical and chemical sciences. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is the leading technique for high-throughput elucidation of…

The ongoing quest to identify molecules in the interstellar medium by their electronic spectra in the visible region is reviewed. Identification of molecular absorption is described in the context of the elucidation of the carriers of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-10 T. W. Schmidt , R. G. Sharp

Mammalian cells have about 30,000-fold more protein molecules than mRNA molecules. This larger number of molecules and the associated larger dynamic range have major implications in the development of proteomics technologies. We examine…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-14 Michael J. MacCoss , Javier Alfaro , Meni Wanunu , Danielle A. Faivre , Nikolai Slavov

In the central regions of active galaxies, dense molecular medium are exposed to various types of radiation and energy injections, such as UV, X-ray, cosmic ray, and shock dissipation. With the rapid progress of chemical models and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-11 Kotaro Kohno , Ryo Ando , Akio Taniguchi , Takuma Izumi , Tomoka Tosaki

Diffuse and translucent molecular clouds fill a vast majority of the interstellar space in the galactic disk being thus the most typical objects of the Interstellar Medium (ISM). Recent advances in observational techniques of modern optical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-04-18 T. Weselak
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