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Hyperspectral tree species classification is challenging due to limited and imbalanced class labels, spectral mixing (overlapping light signatures from multiple species), and ecological heterogeneity (variability among ecological systems).…

Integrating LiDAR and camera inputs into a unified Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) representation is crucial for enhancing 3D perception capabilities of autonomous vehicles. However, existing methods suffer from spatial misalignment between LiDAR and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xiang Li , Zhangchi Hu , Xiao Xu , Bin Kong

Reliably assessing the error in an estimated vehicle position is integral for ensuring the vehicle's safety in urban environments. Many existing approaches use GNSS measurements to characterize protection levels (PLs) as probabilistic upper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Shubh Gupta , Grace X. Gao

Unlabeled LiDAR logs, in autonomous driving applications, are inherently a gold mine of dense 3D geometry hiding in plain sight - yet they are almost useless without human labels, highlighting a dominant cost barrier for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Filippo Ghilotti , Samuel Brucker , Nahku Saidy , Matteo Matteucci , Mario Bijelic , Felix Heide

The analysis of the multi-layer structure of wild forests is an important challenge of automated large-scale forestry. While modern aerial LiDARs offer geometric information across all vegetation layers, most datasets and methods focus only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Ekaterina Kalinicheva , Loic Landrieu , Clément Mallet , Nesrine Chehata

Using pole and plane objects in lidar SLAM can increase accuracy and decrease map storage requirements compared to commonly-used point cloud maps. However, place recognition and geometric verification using these landmarks is challenging…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Parker C. Lusk , Jonathan P. How

LiDAR odometry can achieve accurate vehicle pose estimation for short driving range or in small-scale environments, but for long driving range or in large-scale environments, the accuracy deteriorates as a result of cumulative estimation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Lizhou Liao , Chunyun Fu , Binbin Feng , Tian Su

Reliable building height estimation is essential for various urban applications. Spaceborne SAR tomography (TomoSAR) provides weather-independent, side-looking observations that capture facade-level structure, offering a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zhaiyu Chen , Yuanyuan Wang , Yilei Shi , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) can collect point clouds across large areas, enabling large-scale forest inventory. However, ALS point clouds are sparse and noisy, resulting in inaccurate individual-tree-level forest inventory, such as stem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jinyuan Shao , Sangyoong Park , Chunxi Zhao , Ayman Habib , Songlin Fei

To address the scale mismatch caused by large altitude variations in UAV visual place recognition, we propose a monocular vision-only altitude-adaptive geo-localization framework. The method first estimates relative altitude from a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xingyu Shao , Mengfan He , Chunyu Li , Liangzheng Sun , Ziyang Meng

Access to below-canopy volumetric vegetation data is crucial for understanding ecosystem dynamics. We address the long-standing limitation of remote sensing to penetrate deep into dense canopy layers. LiDAR and radar are currently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Mohamed Youssef , Jian Peng , Oliver Bimber

Fusing satellite imagery acquired with different sensors has been a long-standing challenge of Earth observation, particularly across different modalities such as optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Here, we explore the joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Manu Tom , Yuchang Jiang , Emmanuel Baltsavias , Konrad Schindler

Deep discriminative approaches, such as decision forests and deep neural networks, have recently found applications in many important real-world scenarios. However, deploying these learning algorithms in safety-critical applications raises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jayanta Dey , Haoyin Xu , Ashwin De Silva , Joshua T. Vogelstein

Key science questions, such as galaxy distance estimation and weather forecasting, often require knowing the full predictive distribution of a target variable $y$ given complex inputs $\mathbf{x}$. Despite recent advances in machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-22 Biprateep Dey , David Zhao , Brett H. Andrews , Jeffrey A. Newman , Rafael Izbicki , Ann B. Lee

Flight height is a fundamental parameter for correcting the gamma signal produced by terrestrial radionuclides measured during airborne surveys. The frontiers of radiometric measurements with UAV require light and accurate altimeters flying…

Model-assisted, two-stage forest survey sampling designs provide a means to combine airborne remote sensing data, collected in a sampling mode, with field plot data to increase the precision of national forest inventory estimates, while…

Applications · Statistics 2024-02-20 Hans-Erik Andersen , Göran Ståhl , Bruce D. Cook , Douglas C. Morton , Andrew O. Finley

This paper presents an accurate, highly efficient, and learning-free method for large-scale odometry estimation using spinning radar, empirically found to generalize well across very diverse environments -- outdoors, from urban to woodland,…

Cross-view geo-localization is the problem of estimating the position and orientation (latitude, longitude and azimuth angle) of a camera at ground level given a large-scale database of geo-tagged aerial (e.g., satellite) images. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Yujiao Shi , Xin Yu , Dylan Campbell , Hongdong Li

LiDAR-based localization is valuable for applications like mining surveys and underground facility maintenance. However, existing methods can struggle when dealing with uninformative geometric structures in challenging scenarios. This paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Zhiqiang Chen , Hongbo Chen , Yuhua Qi , Shipeng Zhong , Dapeng Feng , Wu Jin , Weisong Wen , Ming Liu

Spatial microeconometric studies typically suffer from various forms of inaccuracies that are not present when dealing with the classical regional spatial econometrics models. Among those, missing data, locational errors, sampling without a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-04 Giuseppe Arbia , Paolo Berta , Carrie B. Dolan